PDS_VERSION_ID = PDS3 RECORD_TYPE = STREAM SPACECRAFT_NAME = "LUNAR ORBITER V" TARGET_NAME = "MOON" OBJECT = TEXT INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = ASCII PUBLICATION_DATE = 2010-06-01 NOTE = "Lunar Orbiter Digital Scans and Constructed Frames Archive" END_OBJECT = TEXT END Lunar Orbiter Digital Scans and Constructed Frames Archive (DRAFT) Table of Contents 1. - INTRODUCTION 2. - PROJECT SUMMARY 3. - FILE FORMATS 4. - CD CONTENTS, DIRECTORY, AND FILENAMING CONVENTIONS 5. - CONTACTS FOR MORE INFORMATION 1. - INTRODUCTION The NASA Lunar Orbiter (LO) program was a series of five unmanned orbiter missions launched by the United States in 1966 through 1967 to study and map the lunar surface prior to the Apollo program landings. All five LO missions were successful, and 99% of the Moon was photographed with a resolution of 60m or better. The first three missions were focused on imaging 20 potential landing sites for Apollo astronauts. Lunar Orbiter 4 photographed the entire near side and 95% of the far side, and Lunar Orbiter 5 completed far-side coverage and acquired medium (20 m) and high (2 m) resolution images of 36 pre-selected areas. Images obtained by the Lunar Orbiters were photographs acquired strip-by- strip on the spacecraft and developed while in orbit over the Moon. Each LO exposure produced two photographs: medium-resolution frames (recorded by the wide-angle, 80 mm focal length lens) and high-resolution frames (recorded by the narrow-angle, 610-mm focal length lens). Both cameras were pointed so that the area imaged by the high-resolution lens was centered within the area imaged by the medium-resolution frames. The full LO dataset consists of more than 960 medium- and 980 high-resolution frames. The high-resolution frames are typically broken into three smaller sections or sub-frames, designated by H1, H2 and H3. The Lunar Orbiter photographs were transmitted to Earth as analog data after onboard scanning of the original film into a series of strips. The data were written to magnetic tape and also to film. The film data were used to create hand-made mosaics of LO frames. Large-format prints (16 x 20 inches) from the mosaics were created and several copies were distributed across the U.S. to NASA image and data libraries. The resulting outstanding views were of generally very high spatial resolution and covered a substantial portion of the lunar surface, but they suffered from a "venetian blind" striping, missing or duplicated data, and frequent saturation effects that hampered their use. Nevertheless, for many years these images have been the basis of much of lunar scientific research. Because they were obtained at low to moderate Sun angles, the Lunar Orbiter photographic mosaics are particularly useful for studying the morphology of lunar topographic features. 2. - PROJECT SUMMARY This PDS archive collection presents Lunar Orbiter data (for LO3, 4, and 5) of digitized film strips (at 25 microns) and mosaiced constructed frames (some with basic cosmetic correction). This project was carried out by the Astrogeology Science Center of the U.S. Geological Survey in Flagstaff, Arizona, with funding from the NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics and Lunar Precursor Robotic Programs. Included in this archive are LO digitized and processed data, and documentation describing the LO mission, instruments, and processing steps. 3. - FILE FORMATS All document files, detached label files, and tables are stored as ASCII stream-record files. In a stream-record file, records (lines of text) are separated by a carriage-return (char13) and line-feed (char10) character sequence. The / sequence marks the end-of-record and the start of a new record. File names with extension "TAB", "LBL", "TXT", and "CAT" are formatted as ASCII stream-record files. In addition to the standard ASCII text file format used for documentation files, some documentation files may additionally exist in other forms to facilitate easy access to these files. File names with the extension "PDF" are formatted as Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) files. Tabular files are formatted so that they may be read directly into many database management systems of various computers. All fields are separated by commas, and character fields are enclosed in double quotation marks ("). Character fields are left justified, and numeric fields are right justified. The "start byte" and "bytes" values listed in the labels that describe the tabular files do not include the commas between fields or the quotation marks surrounding character fields. The records are of fixed length, and the last two bytes of each record contain the ASCII / characters. This scheme allows a table to be treated as a fixed-length record file on computers that support this file type and as a normal text file on other computers. PDS labels are object-oriented. The object to which the label refers (IMAGE, TABLE, etc.) is denoted by a statement of the form: ^object = location in which the carat character (^) indicates that the object starts at the given location. In an embedded label, the Lunar Orbiter constructed image frames use this form: ^object = n where "n" points to the starting byte location of the object. (The first byte in a file is designated as byte location 1.) For detached labels (labels existing in their own file) the object location is signified as: ^object = "file.nam" In this form, the object of the label description exists in the file named "file.nam". 4. - ARCHIVE CONTENTS, DIRECTORY, AND FILENAMING CONVENTIONS Files within this archive are organized starting at the root or 'parent' directory. Below the parent directory is a directory tree containing data, documentation, and index files. In the table below directory names are indicated by brackets (<...>), UPPER-CASE letters indicate an actual directory or file name, and lower-case letters indicate the general form of a set of directory or file names. DIRECTORY/FILE CONTENTS/DESCRIPTION ------------------- ------------------------------------------ LO3_0001 or LO4_0001 or LO5_0001, | then, for each volume: | |-AAREADME.TXT The file you are reading (ASCII Text). | |-ERRATA.TXT Description of known anomalies and errors | present within the archive (optional file). | |-VOLDESC.CAT A description of the contents of this archive in | a format readable by both humans and computers. | |- Catalog Directory | | | |-CATINFO.TXT Describes Contents of the Catalog directory | | | |-DATASET.CAT Lunar Orbiter archive description | | | |-LOn_INSTHOST.CAT Lunar Orbiter Spacecraft description. | | Where n=3,4, or 5 | | | |-MISSION.CAT Lunar Orbiter Mission description | | | |-LOn_MISSION.CAT Lunar Orbiter Specific Mission description. | | Where n=3,4, or 5 | | | |-PERSON.CAT Contributors to the LO project and archive | | | |-REF.CAT References for this archive | | | |-LOn_INST.CAT Camera description. Where n=3,4, or 5 | |- Documentation Directory. The files in this | | directory provide detailed information | | regarding the LO archive. | | | |-DOCINFO.TXT Description of files in the DOCUMENT directory. | | | |-VOLINFO.TXT Documentation regarding the contents of this CD | | Volume Set. | | | |-VOLINFO.DOC Miscrosoft Word format version of VOLINFO document. | | | |-VOLINFO.LBL PDS Label file describing the VOLINFO documents. | | | |-LO_LDD.TXT PDS local data dictionary for LO. | |- Directory for the image index files. | | | |-INDXINFO.TXT Description of files in directory. | | | |-INDEX_LOn.TAB Image Index table and associated label specific | |-INDEX_LOn.LBL to each volume. Where n=3,4, or 5. | |- Data directory containing LO constructed frames. | | | |- Frame directories where xxx = frame number | | | |- Contains primary products. | | | | | |-fff_rrrr_RES.IMG where | | | | fff = frame number | | rrrr = MED (medium resolution) | | = HIGH (high resolution) | | | |- Contains cosmetic versions of primary products. | | | |-fff_rrrr_RES_COSMETIC.IMG where | | fff = frame number | rrrr = MED (medium resolution) | = HIGH (high resolution) | |- Directory tree containing browse versions of | | LO constructed frames in JPEG form. | | | |- BROWINFO.TXT Describes content of this directory. | | | |- | | | |- Frame directories where xxx = frame number | | | |- Contains primary browse products. | | | | | |-fff_rrrr_RES.JPG where | | | | fff = frame number | | rrrr = MED (medium resolution) | | = HIGH (high resolution) | | | |- Contains cosmetic browse versions of primary products. | | | |-fff_rrrr_RES_COSMETIC.JPG where | | fff = frame number | rrrr = MED (medium resolution) | = HIGH (high resolution) | |- Contains LO scanned strips and other products | relevant to this archive but not candidates | for PDS archive. (thus, not intended to conform | to PDS standards). | |- extras_info.txt Additional information regarding the | EXTRAS directory. | |- | | | |- README_LO_STRIPS.TXT Describes content of this directory. | | | |- | | | | | |- Frame directories where xxx = frame number. | | See README_LO_STRIPS.TXT above for more info. | | | |- | | | |- Frame directories where xxx = frame number. | See README_LO_STRIPS.TXT above for more info. | |- | | | |-LO_RAW_SPICE_INFO.FLAT Comprehensive (estimated) SPICE information | | for LO constructed frames | |- | | | |-GLOBAL_README.TXT LO3 and LO4 volumes only - Text file directing | | users to volume LO5_0001 which contains the | | LO global mosaic. | | | |- LO5 Volume only. Directories containing ISIS | format global mosaic files at varying | image resolutions, where | | xxx = resolution (pxl/deg) | |- | | | |- Directories containing Geo-referenced JPEG2000 | formatted versions of LO projected frames. | Where n=3,4, or 5 | |- Contains various documents relevant to products and information provided within the 'extras' directory within this archive. 5. - CONTACTS FOR MORE INFORMATION For details regarding Lunar Orbiter products and processing details: -------------------------------------------------------------------- Lisa Gaddis, Tammy Becker, Lynn Weller U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center 2255 N. Gemini Dr. Flagstaff, Arizona 86004 lgaddis@usgs.gov tbecker@usgs.gov lweller@usgs.gov For overall LO archive content and design as presented in this archive: ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Chris Isbell U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center 2255 N. Gemini Dr. Flagstaff, Arizona 86004 cisbell@usgs.gov 12345678901234567892123456789312345678941234567895123456789612345678971234567 8