PDS_VERSION_ID = PDS3 RECORD_TYPE = STREAM LABEL_REVISION_NOTE = " 2003-02-20 CASSINI: conner Revision 1; 2003-03-06 PDS/RS: simpson Revision 2; 2003-03-18 CASSINI: conner Revision 3; 2003-03-20 PDS/RS: simpson Revision 4; 2003-03-21 CASSINI conner Revision 5; 2003-03-24 CASSINI conner Revision 6; 2003-04-21 CASSINI conner Revision 7; 2003-06-23 CASSINI conner Revision 8 2003-07-01 PDS/CN: S.L. Adams, formatted for ingestion from WORD to ASCII of 'Revision 8' supplied by Diane Conner. 2003-07-14 CASSINI conner, corrected spelling errors. 2003-09-22 CASSINI conner, added Solar System target. 2003-10-03 CASSINI conner, removed extra spaces at beg of line. 2003-10-16 CASSINI conner, changed to SOLAR_SYSTEM. 2004-03-08 CASSINI conner, replaced bad ref to 699-004. 2009-04-15 CASSINI martinez, updated to include XM and XXM information; TBS's to filled in as details become known. 2009-06-15 PDS/NAIF semenov removed double quotes and non-printing characters from mission description; re-wrapped new paragraphs to comply with line length requirements. 2009-11-15 CASSINI martinez Added XXM sequence info and details on XXM targets. 2009-12-07 CASSINI martinez, replaced double quotes with single quotes. 2010-03-15 CASSINI chatterjee, added XXM Sequence Boundaries and Satellite Encounters from the MP 091005_EventsTable_091207a.xls file." OBJECT = MISSION MISSION_NAME = "CASSINI-HUYGENS" OBJECT = MISSION_INFORMATION MISSION_START_DATE = 1997-10-15 MISSION_STOP_DATE = NULL MISSION_ALIAS_NAME = { "CASSINI", "HUYGENS" } MISSION_DESC = " The majority of the text in this file was extracted from the Cassini Mission Plan Document, D. Seal, 2003. [JPLD-5564] The Cassini spacecraft, including the Huygens Probe, was launched on 15 October 1997 using a Titan IV/B launch vehicle with Solid Rocket Motor Upgrade (SRMU) strap-ons and a Centaur upper stage. The spacecraft used a 6.7-year Venus-Venus-Earth-Jupiter Gravity Assist (VVEJGA) trajectory to Saturn, during which cruise observations were conducted to check out, calibrate, and maintain the instruments as well as to perform limited science. After Saturn Orbit Insertion (SOI) (1 July 2004), the Huygens Probe separated and, on the third encounter with Titan, entered the satellite's atmosphere to make in situ measurements during an approximately 150 minute descent (14 January 2005). The Orbiter continued a tour of the Saturn system until mid-2008 collecting data on the planet and its satellites, rings, and environment. After a highly successful Saturn Orbit Insertion (SOI) in June of 2004 and Huygens Probe descent to the surface of Titan in January of 2005, Cassini went on to complete its four-year tour of Saturn, its rings, satellites, and magnetosphere via 75 orbits about Saturn, 45 close Titan flybys, 4 Enceladus flybys, and 9 close flybys of other icy satellites along with dozens of Saturn, rings, and Titan radio and Solar occultations. At the end of the very successful prime mission all instruments and major spacecraft systems were healthy. Due to the highly successful execution of the prime mission, the vast quantity of new discoveries and overall quality of science being returned by the Cassini spacecraft, and the estimated propellant remaining at the conclusion of the prime mission, NASA Headquarters allocated funding for the development of a 2-year Cassini extended mission. At the conclusion of the prime mission tour phase on 30 June 2008, Cassini initiated a two-year extended mission named the Equinox Mission (EM) to be completed on 30 September 2010. This mission will feature an additional 28 Titan flybys, twelve close icy satellite flybys, and 64 orbits of Saturn. The orbit inclination will move from over 70 degrees at the start of the Equinox mission down to 0 degrees in a little over a year, then back up to 20 degrees in Jan 2010, and again in July 2010. There are eight Enceladus flybys along with single flybys of Rhea, Mimas, Dione, and Helene. The Enceladus flybys are designed to provide close flybys to provide the best views of the plume expulsions near the South Pole area. In addition, there are 22 non-targeted, distant flybys of icy satellites. Titan flybys continue to map the surface of Titan. The scientific intensity and priority of this phase, as judged by the project and by HQ, is of the same level as that of the prime mission. The proposed second extended mission, temporarily called the Extended- extended mission (XXM) or also the Solstice Mission (SM), is a seven-year mission that would commence on 30 September 2010 and end on 15 September 2017. The SM features 54 Titan flybys, 23 close icy satellite flybys (which include 11 Enceladus flybys), and 156 orbits of Saturn. The mission will continue to explore the features of the Saturnian system such as the rings, the magnetosphere, and the icy satellites, address new questions raised by Cassini's Prime and Equinox missions, as well as observing seasonal change in the Saturnian system. The Cassini Orbiter (CO) was a three-axis stabilized spacecraft equipped with one high gain antenna (HGA) and two low gain antennas (LGAs), three Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs) for power, main engines, attitude thrusters, and reaction wheels. It carried twelve orbiter instruments designed to carry out 27 diverse science investigations. The Huygens Probe (HP) was equipped with six instruments designed to study the atmosphere and surface of Titan. It entered the upper atmosphere protected by a heat shield, then deployed parachutes to descend slowly to the surface from an altitude of about 200 km. The instruments, with acronym and Principal Investigator (PI) or Team Leader (TL), are summarized below: Instrument Acronym PI/TL ----------------------------------------------- ------------ Orbiter: Cassini Plasma Spectrometer CAPS Young Cosmic Dust Analyzer CDA Srama Composite Infrared Spectrometer CIRS Flasar Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer INMS Waite Imaging Science Subsystem ISS Porco Magnetometer MAG Dougherty Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument MIMI Krimigis Cassini Radar RADAR Elachi Radio and Plasma Wave Science RPWS Gurnett Radio Science Subsystem RSS Kliore Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph UVIS Esposito Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer VIMS Brown Probe: Aerosol Collector and Pyrolyser ACP Israel Descent Imager Spectral Radiometer DISR Tomasko Doppler Wind Experiment DWE Bird Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer GCMS Niemann Huygens Atmospheric Structure Instrument HASI Fulchignoni Surface Science Package SSP Zarnecki Mission Phases ============== LAUNCH 1997-10-15 to 1997-10-17 1997-288 to 1997-290 ------ Cassini successfully lifted-off from the Cape Canaveral Air Station complex 40 on 15 October 1997 at 08:55 UTC. The solid rocket motors burned from liftoff to separation at 2 min 23 sec at an altitude of 68,300 m. Stage 1 ignition began at 2 min 11 sec at an altitude of 58,500 m, and Stage 2 ignition (and Stage 1 separation) occurred at 5 min 23 sec after liftoff at 167,300 m. During the first three minutes and 27 seconds of flight, the payload fairing shrouded the spacecraft, protecting it from direct solar illumination. The Centaur upper stage separated from the launch vehicle at 9 min 13 sec at 206,700 m. The first Centaur burn began at 9 min 13 sec and lasted approximately two minutes. This burn placed the Cassini spacecraft into an elliptical, 170 km by 445 km parking orbit with an inclination of about 30 degrees. After 17 minutes in the parking orbit, the Centaur fired again and launched Cassini toward Venus en route to Saturn. The injection C3 was 16.6 km^2/s^2. Immediately after separation from the Centaur (date?), the spacecraft's Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem (AACS) pointed the HGA toward the Sun to achieve a thermally safe attitude in which the HGA served as an umbrella for the remainder of the spacecraft. X-band uplink and downlink was established through the LGAs, the Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) Langmuir Probe was deployed, instrument replacement heaters and main engine oxidizer valve heaters were turned on, and the Stellar Reference Unit (SRU), Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS), and Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) decontaminations were started. TCM 1 1997-10-18 to 1997-11-14 1997-291 to 1997-318 ----- The Trajectory Correction Maneuver 1 (TCM 1) phase comprised four one-week sequences. During most of the TCM 1 phase, the spacecraft was in a relatively quiescent state with the HGA pointed toward the Sun. Telemetry downlinked by the spacecraft was utilized to make an initial characterization of the spacecraft and to assess whether its various subsystems survived the launch. Deployment, decontamination, tank heating, and AACS checkout activities were started. Before the maneuver itself, the fuel and oxidizer tanks were heated in order to avoid an irreversible overpressure in the propellant lines. If the tanks fully pressurized before the spacecraft passed through the peak temperature regime, then (when the spacecraft did enter the maximum thermal environment) the tank pressure would climb without there being a way to bring it back down, possibly causing an overpressure. TCM 1 was an Earth injection clean-up maneuver placed at 25 days after launch. TCM 1 was executed using the main engine with a delta-V magnitude of 2.8 m/s. The burn sequence included holding the spacecraft off-Sun after burn completion to allow the spacecraft heating to be characterized in a relatively benign environment. INTERPLANETARY CRUISE 1997-11-14 to 1999-11-07 1997-318 to 1999-311 --------------------- The Interplanetary Cruise Phase extended from 14 November 1997 to 7 November 1999. It consisted of three subphases: Venus 1 Cruise, Instrument Checkout 1, and Venus 2 - Earth Cruise. During most of this phase, Cassini's proximity to the Sun constrained the spacecraft to remain Sun-pointed, and communications were conducted using the Low Gain Antennas. The downlink capability of the LGAs at large spacecraft-Earth ranges was very limited. Between 30 and 150 days after launch, for example, the downlink data rate decreased from 948 to 20 bps. Beginning on 28 December 1998, the spacecraft approached opposition and the HGA could be pointed towards Earth for a period of 25 days while the Probe equipment temperature remained within the required range. This provided a high data rate window during which checkout activities could be accomplished. VENUS 1 CRUISE 1997-11-14 to 1998-09-13 1997-318 to 1998-256 -------------- The Venus 1 Cruise subphase started on 14 November 1997 and continued through 13 September 1998. The subphase encompassed sequences C5 through C9 and included two TCMs, one planetary swingby, and three switches between LGA1 and LGA2. Most of the period was dedicated to engineering and instrument maintenance activities. VENUS 1 ENCOUNTER 1998-04-26 1998-116 The first Venus encounter occurred on 26 April 1998. The spacecraft approached Venus from a sunward direction, and closest approach occurred just after the spacecraft entered the Sun's shadow for a period of about 15 minutes. At closest approach, the altitude was 284 km, with a velocity relative to Venus of 11.8 km/s. The spacecraft was occulted from Earth for about 2 hours. The Earth occultation zone started about 15 minutes after the spacecraft left the Sun occultation zone. Accuracy for the Venus flyby was assured by using two TCMs (Trajectory Correction Maneuvers), 60 and 20 days before closest approach, and a clean-up maneuver 20 days after the flyby. INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT 1 1998-09-14 to 1999-03-14 1998-257 to 1999-073 --------------------- The Instrument Checkout 1 subphase (ICO-1) started on 14 September 1998, continued through 14 March 1999, and consisted of sequences C10-C13. This subphase was characterized by the opposition that occurred on 9 January 1999, which allowed use of the HGA for downlink since the Earth and Sun were nearly aligned as seen from Cassini. All instruments scheduled checkout activities within the 25 day period centered on opposition. This was the first opportunity since launch to exercise and check the status of most instruments outside of routine maintenance. The 'Quiet Test', for example, allowed each instrument to monitor other instruments as they turned on and off and provided valuable insight into how to integrate science observations during the Saturn tour. During instrument checkout activities, the spacecraft autonomously went into a safe state. Accumulating star position errors from the slow turn required to keep the Sun on the -x-axis triggered AACS fault protection. Most of the instrument checkout activities were rescheduled after a 10 day safing period. Those that were not completed were rescheduled for the ICO-2 subphase during Outer Cruise. VENUS 2 - EARTH CRUISE 1999-03-15 to 1999-11-07 1999-074 to 1999-311 ---------------------- The Venus 2 - Earth Cruise subphase started on 15 March 1999, 45 days prior to the second Venus flyby, and continued through 7 November 1999, which was 82 days after the Earth flyby. The subphase encompassed sequences C13 through C16, and included seven scheduled TCMs, two planetary swingbys, and 25 science activities in addition to normal engineering activities. Science activities included maintenance, calibration, checkout, and science observations using all of the Cassini instruments except INMS and CIRS. VENUS 2 ENCOUNTER 1999-06-24 1999-175 TCM-7 was executed 37 days before the Venus 2 Encounter. TCM-8 was scheduled 21 days prior to Venus 2, but it was canceled. DSN (Deep Space Network) coverage increased from one to three passes per day in support of the flyby. EARTH ENCOUNTER 1999-08-18 1999-230 The Earth flyby occurred 55 days after the Venus 2 flyby. The spacecraft approached the Earth from approximately the direction of the Sun. Closest approach occurred right after the spacecraft entered the Sun occultation zone. The occultation lasted approximately 30 minutes. The altitude at closest approach was 1175 km, with an Earth-relative velocity of 19.0 km/s. Trajectory correction maneuvers took place 43, 30, 15 and 6.5 days before closest approach, and a clean-up maneuver was executed 13 days after the flyby. Continuous DSN coverage began at the Venus 2 flyby and continued through the Earth flyby. A week after the Earth Encounter, DSN coverage dropped to one pass every two days. Five instruments conducted observations as Cassini passed through the Earth's magnetotail. OUTER CRUISE 1999-11-08 to 2002-07-07 1999-312 to 2002-188 ------------ The Outer Cruise Phase consisted of four subphases: HGA Transition, Instrument Checkout 2, Jupiter Cruise, and Quiet Cruise. The Outer Cruise phase extended from 8 November 1999 (when the spacecraft reached a Sun range of 2.7 AU) to 7 July 2002 (about two years before Saturn Orbit Insertion). At 2.7 AU (1 February 2000), the HGA began continuous Earth- pointing. The one planetary encounter in this phase was the flyby of Jupiter in December 2000. Science at Jupiter was an opportunity to test Saturn observation strategies with HGA data rates. HIGH GAIN ANTENNA TRANSITION 1999-11-08 to 2000-05-06 1999-312 to 2000-127 ---------------------------- This subphase included sequences C17 to C19, operation of ISS and VIMS decontamination heaters, CDA dust calibrations, and Magnetosphere and Plasma Science (MAPS) observations after the HGA was pointed toward Earth. During the initial part of the subphase (C17 and part of C18), telecommunications were via LGA1, and the spacecraft was at the farthest distance from Earth before transitioning to the HGA for regular use. Therefore, data rates were very low and activities were kept to a minimum. C17 included standard maintenance and one Periodic Engineering Maintenance (PEM) activity. Activities during the LGA1 portion of C18 included a Periodic Instrument Maintenance (PIM); observations by ISS, VIMS, and UVIS of the asteroid Masursky near closest approach (1,634,000 km); and ISS dark frame calibration images directly following the Masursky observations. The HGA was turned toward Earth for regular use on 1 February 2000, during C18. Several activities took place during the rest of C18, using the greater telemetry capabilities available with the HGA: playback of the Masursky data and ISS dark frames, a Probe checkout, a Huygens Probe S-band Relay to Cassini Test, a Telemetry-Ranging Interference Test, MAG calibrations, and a PEM. Regular MAPS observations by CAPS, CDA, MAG, MIMI, and RPWS began within a few days after transitioning to the HGA. The first 6 weeks of C19 were used for a checkout of new Flight Software. The AACS version A7 software was uploaded near the beginning of this period, and the first 2 weeks were devoted to AACS tests. The next 4 weeks were originally scheduled for CDS tests of version V7.0. However, these tests were delayed to late July and August of 2000 to allow time for additional regression testing. During the AACS checkout period, MAPS activity ceased. Several activities took place during the last 3 weeks of C19: resumption of MAPS observations, three RSS activities (HGA pattern calibration, HGA boresight calibration, and USO characterization), CIRS Cooler Cover release, and a PIM. A few days before the end of C19, the command loss timer setting was increased slightly, to account for the 10-day period at the beginning of C20 during which superior conjunction made commanding problematic. INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT 2 2000-05-06 to 2000-11-05 2000-127 to 2000-310 --------------------- The second instrument checkout subphase (ICO-2) was scheduled from 6 May 2000 to 5 November of 2000, after the Spacecraft Office had completed its engineering checkout activities. ICO-2 included instrument checkout that required reaction wheel stability and any instrument checkouts that were not successfully completed during ICO-1. But the CDS Flight Software V7 uplink and checkout, which was delayed from March, was rescheduled to late July through early September 2000, causing many ICO-2 activities to be compressed into a shorter and more intense period. Some activities were postponed until after the Jupiter observations were completed in 2001. The subphase began with a superior conjunction which precluded early science or engineering activities. MAPS instruments remained on; but data return was not attempted during conjunction. Two TCMs were scheduled for Jupiter targeting, in June and September. Engineering activities included the continuous use of reaction wheels and, beginning on 1 October 2000, dual Solid State Recorders (SSRs). There were no scheduled instrument PIMs during ICO-2 since all instruments had other activities that accomplished this function. Other engineering activities included two Reaction Wheel Assembly (RWA) friction tests, two PEMs, and an SRU calibration. Science activities began with the MAPS instruments continuing from C19. New flight software was loaded for eight instruments in late May, and a CDA software update was done in September. New Quiet Tests, while operating on reaction wheels, were done in July for most instruments. RSS Quiet Tests were done in September, and RADAR related tests were done in late June. A Probe checkout occurred in late July. Spacecraft turns were done for RADAR observations of the Sun and Jupiter in June and again in September. The star Alpha Piscis Austrinus (Fomalhaut) was also observed in September by VIMS with ISS and UVIS doing ride-along science. No other science turns were scheduled until October. On 1 October, science began using a repeating 5-day template to gather Jupiter science. This involved 11 turns in a 5 day period, including two downlinks. The turns in the 5-day template involved 4 orientations: Orbiter Remote Science (ORS) boresights to Jupiter, Z axis parallel to ecliptic HGA to Sun, rolling about Z axis Probe to Sun, rotating about X axis HGA to Earth, Probe offset from Sun for CDA, not rotating, downlink orientation JUPITER CRUISE 2000-11-05 to 2001-04-30 2000-310 to 2001-120 -------------- The Jupiter Cruise subphase extended from 6 November 2000 to 29 April 2001 and included sequences C23 to C25. However Jupiter remote sensing observations actually began on 1 October 2000, in C22. JUPITER ENCOUNTER 2000-12-30 2000-365 The Jupiter flyby occurred on 30 December 2000 at an altitude of 9.7 million km. This gravity assist rotated the trajectory 12 deg and increased the heliocentric velocity by 2 km/s. The Jupiter relative speed at closest approach was 11.6 km/s. At closest approach, Jupiter filled the Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) field of view. Extensive Jupiter science was performed which required additional DSN support: up to two passes every five days, and a maximum of one pass every 30 hours in the 10 days on either side of closest approach. Science at Jupiter was an opportunity to test how to build and execute viable Saturn sequences. A problem with the RWAs occurred on 16 December 2000. Increased friction on one of the wheels caused the spacecraft to switch autonomously to the Reaction Control Subsystem (RCS) for attitude control. With the switch to RCS, hydrazine usage increased. Two of four joint CAPS-Hubble Space Telescope observations, a Jupiter North-South map, the Himalia 'flyby', and a UVIS torus observation were all executed on RCS before the sequence was terminated on 19 December 2000. MAPS data continued to be recorded at a reduced rate. All other planned science activities were suspended. After tests, RWA operation was resumed for attitude control on 22 December, with the wheels biased away from low RPM regions. The sequence was restarted on 29 December. QUIET CRUISE 2001-04-30 to 2002-07-08 2001-120 to 2002-189 ------------ Quiet Cruise was a 14 month subphase that started at the end of Jupiter Cruise and ended two years before SOI. During this subphase, routine maintenance, engineering, and navigation functions were carried out. One Gravitational Wave Experiment (GWE) was conducted in December 2001, and one Solar Conjunction Experiment (SCE) was conducted in June 2002. SCIENCE CRUISE 2002-07-08 to 2004-06-10 2002-189 to 2004-162 -------------- SPACE SCIENCE 2002-07-08 to 2004-01-11 2002-189 to 2004-011 The Space Science subphase began on 8 July 2002 and ran through 11 January 2004. TCMs 18 and 19, two GWEs (December 2002 and December 2003) and one SCE (June-July 2003) were conducted. APPROACH SCIENCE 2004-01-12 to 2004-06-10 2004-012 to 2004-162 The Approach Science subphase began six months before SOI and ended three weeks before SOI, when the spacecraft was approaching Saturn at a rate of 5 kilometers per second. Most of the activities during the Approach Science subphase were Saturn science observations and preparation for the Phoebe flyby, SOI, and Tour operations. The reaction wheels were turned on at the beginning of the subphase to provide a more stable viewing platform. By this point, the imaging instruments had begun atmospheric imaging, and making long-term atmospheric movies. CIRS began long integrations of Saturn's disk. At SOI - 4 months, Saturn filled one third of the NAC field of view and one half of the CIRS Far Infrared (FIR) field of view. The Saturn approach was made toward the morning terminator at a phase angle of about 75 degrees; VIMS gathered data on the temperature difference across the terminator. UVIS scans of the Saturn System began 3-4 months before SOI. Fields, particles, and waves instruments collected solar wind information and recorded Saturn emissions as the spacecraft neared the planet. Science data gathered during this period was stored on the SSR and transmitted back to Earth. Daily DSN tracking coverage began 90 days before SOI. The Phoebe approach TCM took place on 27 May 2004, 15 days before Phoebe closest approach. TOUR PRE-HUYGENS 2004-06-11 to 2004-12-24 2004-163 to 2004-359 ---------------- The Tour Pre-Huygens Phase extended from the Phoebe Encounter through Saturn Orbit Insertion to separation of the Huygens Probe from the Cassini Orbiter. PHOEBE ENCOUNTER 2004-06-11 2004-163 The flyby of Phoebe occurred on 11 June 2004, 19 days before SOI. At closest approach (19:33 UTC) the spacecraft was 2000 km above the surface. SATURN ORBIT INSERTION 2004-07-01 2004-183 During Saturn Orbit Insertion (SOI) on 1 July 2004, the spacecraft made its closest approach to the planet's surface during the entire mission at an altitude of only 0.3 Saturn radii (18,000 km). Due to this unique opportunity, the approximately 95-minute SOI burn (633 m/s total delta-V), required to place Cassini in orbit around Saturn, was executed earlier than its optimal point centered around periapsis, and instead ended near periapsis, allowing science observations immediately after burn completion. The SOI maneuver placed the spacecraft in an initial orbit with a periapsis radius of 1.3 Rs, a period of 148 days, and an inclination of 16.8 degrees. After the burn, the spacecraft was turned to allow the ORS instruments to view the Saturn inner rings that were not in shadow. After periapsis, the trajectory just grazed the occultation zones behind the planet with the Earth and Sun being occulted by Saturn. After communication with Earth was re-established, the spacecraft remained on Earth pointed for nine hours to play back engineering and science data and to give ground personnel time to evaluate the spacecraft status. After SOI a pair of cleanup maneuvers was used to correct for errors in the SOI burn. The first was immediately before superior conjunction, at SOI + 3 days, and the second was after conjunction at SOI + 16 days. Probe checkouts were scheduled at SOI + 14 days, Probe Release Maneuver (PRM) + 4 days, and ten days before separation. The partial orbit between SOI and the first apoapsis was designated orbit 0. The next three orbits were designated a, b, and c. TITAN A ENCOUNTER 2004-10-26 2004-300 TITAN B ENCOUNTER 2004-12-13 2004-348 HUYGENS DESCENT 2004-12-24 to 2005-01-14 2004-359 to 2005-014 --------------- HUYGENS PROBE SEPARATION 2004-12-24 2004-359 The probe was released from the Orbiter on 24 December 2004, 11 days after the second Titan flyby (orbit b). Two days after the Probe was released, the Orbiter executed a deflection maneuver to place itself on the proper trajectory for the third encounter. TITAN C HUYGENS 2005-01-14 2005-014 During the third flyby (orbit c), on 14 January 2005, the Huygens Probe transmitted data to the orbiter for approximately 150 minutes during its descent through the atmosphere to the surface. Because the Orbiter was looking at Titan through most of the corresponding Goldstone tracking pass, DSN support on this day was primarily through the 70-meter antennas at the Canberra and Madrid tracking complexes. While approaching Titan, the Orbiter made its last downlink transmission (to the Madrid station, DSS 63) before switching to Probe relay mode. The Orbiter then turned nearly 180 degrees to point its HGA at the predicted Probe impact point, and the Probe Support Avionics (PSA) were configured to receive data from the Probe. Some Orbiter instruments were put into a low power state to provide additional power for the PSA. The data from the Probe were transmitted at S band in two separate data streams, and both were recorded on each SSR. Following completion of the predicted descent (maximum 150 minutes), the Orbiter listened for Probe signals for an additional 30 minutes, in case they continued after landing. When data collection from the Probe was completed, those data were write protected on each SSR. The spacecraft then turned to view Titan with optical remote sensing instruments until about one hour after closest approach for a total observing window of TBD. The Orbiter then turned the HGA towards Earth and began transmitting the recorded Probe data to the Canberra 70-m antenna. The complete, four-fold redundant set of Probe data was transmitted twice, and its receipt verified, before the write protection on that portion of the SSR was lifted by ground command. A second playback, including all of the Probe data and the Orbiter instrument observations, was returned over the subsequent Madrid 70-meter tracking pass, which was longer and at higher elevation angles. TOUR 2005-01-14 to 2008-06-30 2005-014 to 2008-182 ---- The Tour Phase of the mission began at completion of the Huygens Probe and Orbiter-support playback and ended on 30 June 2008. It included dozens of satellite encounters and extended observations of Saturn, its rings, and its environment of particles and fields. TOUR SEQUENCE BOUNDARIES The table below shows spacecraft background sequences, orbit revolution, start epoch (including day-of-year in a separate column), and the length of the sequence. For completeness, all 'S' sequences are listed even though the first seven covered times before the Tour phase. Each orbit about Saturn was assigned a revolution identifier starting with a, b, and c, and then numerically ascending from 3 to 74; these were not synchronous with sequences, some of which covered only partial orbits. Full orbits began and ended at apoapsis; the partial orbit from SOI to the first apoapsis was orbit 0. Sequence Rev Epoch (SCET) DOY Duration In days -------- --- ----------------- --- -------- S1 - 2004-May-15 00:00 136 35 S2 0 2004-Jun-19 01:38 171 42 S3 0 2004-Jul-30 23:05 212 43 S4 a 2004-Sep-11 19:10 255 35 S5 a 2004-Oct-16 18:40 290 28 S6 a 2004-Nov-13 16:59 318 33 S7 b 2004-Dec-16 15:03 351 37 S8 c 2005-Jan-22 10:38 022 36 S9 3 2005-Feb-27 00:36 058 41 S10 6 2005-Apr-09 05:15 099 35 S11 8 2005-May-14 02:50 134 35 S12 10 2005-Jun-18 01:34 169 42 S13 12 2005-Jul-29 22:36 210 32 S14 14 2005-Aug-30 21:53 242 39 S15 16 2005-Oct-08 15:57 281 35 S16 17 2005-Nov-12 17:01 316 35 S17 19 2005-Dec-17 14:21 351 42 S18 20 2006-Jan-28 11:23 028 42 S19 22 2006-Mar-11 00:35 070 42 S20 23 2006-Apr-22 05:15 112 42 S21 24 2006-Jun-03 02:39 154 42 S22 26 2006-Jul-15 00:06 196 35 S23 27 2006-Aug-18 22:06 230 39 S24 29 2006-Sep-26 19:53 269 26 S25 31 2006-Oct-22 18:26 295 33 S26 33 2006-Nov-24 16:30 328 42 S27 36 2007-Jan-05 13:50 005 43 S28 39 2007-Feb-17 10:52 048 40 S29 41 2007-Mar-29 08:04 088 37 S30 44 2007-May-04 22:00 124 37 S31 46 2007-Jun-11 03:10 162 33 S32 48 2007-Jul-14 01:06 195 29 S33 49 2007-Aug-11 23:20 223 42 S34 50 2007-Sep-22 20:51 265 40 S35 51 2007-Nov-01 18:40 305 42 S36 54 2007-Dec-13 16:15 347 39 S37 56 2008-Jan-21 13:35 021 26 S38 59 2008-Feb-16 11:51 047 36 S39 62 2008-Mar-23 01:50 083 27 S40 65 2008-Apr-19 07:18 110 42 S41 70 2008-May-31 04:27 152 35 SATELLITE ENCOUNTER SUMMARY This table summarizes the Cassini Orbiter satellite encounters; for completeness, all recognized encounters are included even though the first eight preceded the Tour phase. Rev identifies the orbit revolution as defined above. The three character ID for the encounter is in the second column; an appended asterisk (*) denotes a non-targeted encounter. The target, date and time, and day-of-year are in the next three columns. Altitude above the surface at closest approach, sense of the encounter (whether on the inbound or outbound leg of an orbit), relative velocity at closest approach, and phase angle at closest approach round out the columns. Rev Name Satellite Epoch (SCET) DOY Alt in/ Speed Phase km out km/s deg ---- ----- --------- ---------------- --- --- --- ----- ---- 0 0PH Phoebe 2004-Jun-11 19:33 163 1997 in 6.4 25 0 0MI* Mimas 2004-Jul-01 00:30 183 76424 in 22.3 80 0 0TI* Titan 2004-Jul-02 09:30 184 338958 out 8.3 67 a aTI Titan 2004-Oct-26 15:30 300 1200 in 6.1 91 b bTI Titan 2004-Dec-13 11:37 348 2358 in 6 98 b bDI* Dione 2004-Dec-15 02:11 350 81592 in 5.3 93 c cIA* Iapetus 2005-Jan-01 01:28 001 64907 in 2.1 106 c cTI Titan 2005-Jan-14 11:04 014 60000 in 5.4 93 3 3TI Titan 2005-Feb-15 06:54 046 950 in 6 102 3 3EN* Enceladus 2005-Feb-17 03:24 048 1179 out 6.6 98 4 4EN Enceladus 2005-Mar-09 09:06 068 499 in 6.6 43 4 4TE* Tethys 2005-Mar-09 11:42 068 82975 out 6.9 64 5 5EN* Enceladus 2005-Mar-29 20:20 088 63785 in 10.1 134 5 5TI Titan 2005-Mar-31 19:55 090 2523 out 5.9 65 6 6MI* Mimas 2005-Apr-15 01:20 105 77233 out 13.6 94 6 6TI Titan 2005-Apr-16 19:05 106 950 out 6.1 127 7 7TE* Tethys 2005-May-02 21:04 122 64990 in 10 118 7 7TI* Titan 2005-May-04 05:10 124 860004 out 10.2 153 8 8EN* Enceladus 2005-May-21 07:19 141 92997 out 8.1 81 9 9TI* Titan 2005-Jun-06 18:50 157 425973 in 5.8 82 10 10TI* Titan 2005-Jun-22 12:27 173 920423 in 3.7 65 11 11EN Enceladus 2005-Jul-14 19:57 195 1000 in 8.1 43 12 12MI* Mimas 2005-Aug-02 03:52 214 45112 in 6.5 83 12 12TI* Titan 2005-Aug-06 12:33 218 841452 out 3.8 62 13 13TI Titan 2005-Aug-22 08:39 234 4015 out 5.8 42 14 14TI Titan 2005-Sep-07 07:50 250 950 out 6.1 84 15 15TE* Tethys 2005-Sep-24 01:29 267 33295 out 7.7 76 15 15TI* Titan 2005-Sep-24 22:01 267 910272 out 10.7 148 15 15HY Hyperion 2005-Sep-26 01:41 269 990 out 5.6 45 16 16TI* Titan 2005-Oct-10 22:20 283 777198 in 9.7 65 16 16DI Dione 2005-Oct-11 17:58 284 500 in 9 66 16 16EN* Enceladus 2005-Oct-12 03:29 285 42635 out 6.6 75 17 17TI Titan 2005-Oct-28 03:58 301 1446 in 5.9 105 18 18RH Rhea 2005-Nov-26 22:35 330 500 in 7.3 87 19 19EN* Enceladus 2005-Dec-24 20:23 358 97169 in 6.9 133 19 19TI Titan 2005-Dec-26 18:54 360 10429 out 5.6 67 20 20TI Titan 2006-Jan-15 11:36 015 2042 in 5.8 121 21 21TI Titan 2006-Feb-27 08:20 058 1812 out 5.9 93 22 22TI Titan 2006-Mar-18 23:58 077 1947 in 5.8 148 22 22RH* Rhea 2006-Mar-21 07:01 080 85935 out 5.3 136 23 23TI Titan 2006-Apr-30 20:53 120 1853 out 5.8 121 24 24TI Titan 2006-May-20 12:13 140 1879 in 5.8 163 25 25TI Titan 2006-Jul-02 09:12 183 1911 out 5.8 148 26 26TI Titan 2006-Jul-22 00:25 203 950 in 6 105 27 27TI* Titan 2006-Aug-18 17:48 230 339190 out 4.8 121 28 28TI Titan 2006-Sep-07 20:12 250 950 in 6 45 28 28EN* Enceladus 2006-Sep-09 20:00 252 39842 out 10.3 116 29 29TI Titan 2006-Sep-23 18:52 266 950 in 6 90 30 30TI Titan 2006-Oct-09 17:23 282 950 in 6 81 31 31TI Titan 2006-Oct-25 15:51 298 950 in 6 25 32 32EN* Enceladus 2006-Nov-09 01:48 313 94410 out 14.1 27 33 33DI* Dione 2006-Nov-21 02:32 325 72293 out 12.3 144 33 33TI* Titan 2006-Nov-25 13:57 329 930525 out 4.5 114 35 35TI Titan 2006-Dec-12 11:35 346 950 in 6 124 36 36TI Titan 2006-Dec-28 10:00 362 1500 in 5.9 62 37 37TI Titan 2007-Jan-13 08:34 013 950 in 6 53 38 38TI Titan 2007-Jan-29 07:12 029 2776 in 5.8 73 39 39TI Titan 2007-Feb-22 03:10 053 953 out 6.3 161 40 40TI Titan 2007-Mar-10 01:47 069 956 out 6.3 149 41 41TI Titan 2007-Mar-26 00:21 085 953 out 6.3 144 42 42TI Titan 2007-Apr-10 22:57 100 951 out 6.3 137 43 43TI Titan 2007-Apr-26 21:32 116 951 out 6.3 130 44 44TI Titan 2007-May-12 20:08 132 950 out 6.3 121 45 45TE* Tethys 2007-May-26 20:57 146 97131 in 11.7 75 45 45TI Titan 2007-May-28 18:51 148 2425 out 6.1 114 46 46TI Titan 2007-Jun-13 17:46 164 950 out 6.3 107 47 47TE* Tethys 2007-Jun-27 19:53 178 16166 in 10.1 90 47 47MI* Mimas 2007-Jun-27 22:56 178 89730 in 16.2 110 47 47EN* Enceladus 2007-Jun-28 01:15 179 90769 out 9.4 55 47 47TI Titan 2007-Jun-29 17:05 180 1942 out 6.2 96 48 48TI Titan 2007-Jul-19 00:39 200 1302 in 6.2 34 49 49TE* Tethys 2007-Aug-29 11:21 241 48324 in 4.7 104 49 49RH* Rhea 2007-Aug-30 01:26 242 5098 out 6.7 46 49 49TI Titan 2007-Aug-31 06:34 243 3227 out 6.1 87 49 49IA Iapetus 2007-Sep-10 12:33 253 1000 out 2.4 65 50 50DI* Dione 2007-Sep-30 06:27 273 56523 in 5.6 47 50 50EN* Enceladus 2007-Sep-30 10:53 273 88174 in 6.1 99 50 50TI Titan 2007-Oct-02 04:48 275 950 out 6.3 67 51 51TI* Titan 2007-Oct-22 00:47 295 455697 in 4.1 29 52 52RH* Rhea 2007-Nov-16 19:52 320 78360 in 9.1 148 52 52TI Titan 2007-Nov-19 00:52 323 950 out 6.3 51 53 53MI* Mimas 2007-Dec-03 05:28 337 79272 in 14.8 138 53 53TI Titan 2007-Dec-05 00:06 339 1300 out 6.3 70 54 54TI Titan 2007-Dec-20 22:56 354 953 out 6.3 61 55 55TI Titan 2008-Jan-05 21:26 005 949 out 6.3 37 57 57TI* Titan 2008-Jan-22 21:06 022 860776 in 4.5 70 59 59TI Titan 2008-Feb-22 17:39 053 959 out 6.4 30 61 61TI* Titan 2008-Mar-10 19:15 070 922539 in 6.3 123 61 61EN Enceladus 2008-Mar-12 19:05 072 995 in 14.6 56 62 62TI Titan 2008-Mar-25 14:35 085 950 out 6.4 21 64 64MI* Mimas 2008-Apr-11 09:38 102 95428 in 16.9 137 66 66TI* Titan 2008-Apr-26 18:22 117 780589 in 5.5 94 67 67TI Titan 2008-May-12 10:09 133 950 out 6.4 35 69 69TI Titan 2008-May-28 08:33 149 1316 out 6.3 23 72 72TI* Titan 2008-Jun-13 04:17 165 372240 in 5.9 89 74 74EN* Enceladus 2008-Jun-30 08:07 182 99092 in 21.6 66 END OF PRIME MISSION 2008-06-30 2008-182 -------------------- EXTENDED MISSION 2008-07-01 to 2010-10-11 2008-183 to 2010-284 ---------------- The Cassini prime mission was the most complex gravity-assist tour ever flown. The extended mission maintains this level of design and navigational complexity in order to meet and balance the myriad of disparate scientific objectives requested by the Cassini discipline working groups within the 2.25-year time frame. As a result, compared to the prime mission, the EM trajectory clearly meets or exceeds the intensity of scientific opportunities. The two-year extension consists of 28 close Titan flybys, twelve close icy satellite flybys (of which eight are of Enceladus), 64 orbits around Saturn, and dozens more radio and Solar occultations by Saturn, its rings, and Titan. The EM begins at high inclination, where the prime mission left off, with the apoapsis of its orbit oriented nearly sunward. This geometry is maintained for nine months for continued in-situ study of Saturn's auroral region, complementing incomplete observations made at the end of the prime mission. Also, these high inclinations allowed for high priority stellar occultations by the main rings, particularly the very dense B ring. Since one of the ring-plane crossings of this orbit geometry was near Enceladus, it was also possible to insert three low Enceladus flybys during this phase while meeting the other objectives. Lastly, the Titan flybys during this high inclination phase were designed to obtain a mid-northern latitude Titan radio occultation and a high quality groundtrack over the Huygens landing site. This first phase completes with a short Titan-Titan 'Pi-transfer' phase, with the first encounter on one side of Titan's orbit and the second encounter one-half of one orbit later, on the opposite side of Titan's orbit. This creative strategy was implemented by the Cassini tour designers as a highly efficient method to transfer the orbit from one side of Saturn to another, speeding up the exploration of the environment compared to a more conventional, encounter-by-encounter rotation. The second major phase of the EM takes place over six months in the poorly sampled 'dusk sector' of Saturn, i.e. the side outward from Saturn's dusk terminator. This phase contains the Saturnian equinox in mid-August 2009, and is Cassini's only chance to study this infrequent geometric event, as it only occurs every 15 years. During this equinox viewing phase, Cassini's orbit inclination is slowly reduced, offering a generous variety of observation geometries for Saturn's rings, where the bulk of the equinox-related objectives are focused. In addition, Titan flyby geometries allow for key high-resolution radar mapping and Titan occultations. The third major phase is dominated by equatorial orbits and icy satellite encounters. The fourth through seventh Enceladus encounters occur here, as well as close flybys of Mimas, Dione, Rhea, and Helene (a Dione coorbital). Two of the Enceladus encounters, E7 and E9, are designed to pass deep within the plume emanating from the southern polar region should continuing safety analyses permit. In addition, two high quality horizontal (ansa to ansa) ring occultations, long Saturn observation opportunities, a Titan wake crossing, and mid-northern latitude Saturn occultations are included in this icy satellite and ansa-to-ansa occultation phase. The final phase of the Equinox Mission is several months long, and contains a series of short Titan transfers designed for gravity measurements, more high northern Titan observations, and a third horizontal ring occultation. It is generally referred to as the high northern Titan groundtrack phase. Extended Mission Sequence Boundries ----------------------------------- Sequence Rev Epoch (SCET) DOY Duration In days -------- --- ----------------- --- -------- S42 74 2008-Jul-01 19:08 183 40 S43 80 2008-Aug-11 00:20 224 34 S44 84 2008-Sep-13 22:19 257 35 S45 89 2008-Oct-18 20:21 292 39 S46 94 2008-Nov-26 17:55 331 44 S47 100 2009-Jan-09 15:16 009 39 S48 103 2009-Feb-17 12:35 048 37 S49 106 2009-Mar-26 10:05 085 40 S50 110 2009-May-05 07:16 125 39 S51 112 2009-Jun-13 04:41 164 41 S52 115 2009-Jul-23 21:51 204 32 S53 117 2009-Aug-25 01:00 237 41 S54 119 2009-Oct-05 04:03 278 40 S55 121 2009-Nov-13 19:21 317 39 S56 123 2009-Dec-22 23:26 356 32 S57 125 2010-Jan-23 15:00 023 37 S58 127 2010-Mar-01 19:04 060 34 S59 129 2010-Apr-05 02:49 095 42 S60 131 2010-May-17 13:31 137 34 S61* 133 2010-Jun-25 21:10 176 35 S62* 135 2010-Jul-30 18:51 211 37 S63* 137 2010-Sep-06 06:33 249 35 *XXM bridge sequences Extended Mission Satellite Encounter ------------------------------------ *Targeted fly-by Rev Name Satellite Epoch (SCET) DOY Alt in/ Speed Phase km out km/s deg ---- ----- --------- ---------------- --- --- --- ----- ---- 74 74TI Titan 2008-Jun-28 15:56 180 730742 in 7.9 107 74 74PM Prometheus 2008-Jun-30 08:13 182 61967 in 22.6 107 74 74EN Enceladus 2008-Jun-30 08:42 182 84978 in 21.1 51 74 74JA Janus 2008-Jun-30 08:55 182 33087 in 22.6 122 74 74ME Methone 2008-Jun-30 09:01 182 87770 in 22.6 93 74 74AT Atlas 2008-Jun-30 09:19 182 77022 out 24.1 118 75 75JA Janus 2008-Jul-07 08:55 189 79291 in 22.6 94 75 75PA Pandora 2008-Jul-07 09:36 189 23856 in 22.6 156 75 75ME Methone 2008-Jul-07 10:00 189 118366 out 23.4 102 76 76DA Daphnis 2008-Jul-14 10:05 196 42601 in 22.6 120 76 76PM Prometheus 2008-Jul-14 10:12 196 31422 in 22.5 130 76 76PL Pallene 2008-Jul-14 10:35 196 93050 in 22.1 85 76 76TI Titan 2008-Jul-15 21:25 196 542450 out 8.4 127 77 77PL Pallene 2008-Jul-21 11:06 203 59024 in 21.0 26 77 77AT Atlas 2008-Jul-21 11:23 203 28457 in 22.7 155 77 77DA Daphnis 2008-Jul-21 11:59 203 86127 out 24.4 118 77 77PN PAN 2008-Jul-21 12:03 203 91248 out 24.6 118 78 78PN PAN 2008-Jul-28 11:25 210 97452 in 23.3 102 78 78PM Prometheus 2008-Jul-28 12:18 210 24666 in 22.6 160 78 78EP Epimetheus 2008-Jul-28 13:01 210 106965 out 24.6 113 78* 78TI Titan 2008-Jul-31 02:13 213 1613 out 6.2 49 79 79MI Mimas 2008-Aug-04 10:27 217 122378 in 19.0 110 79 79EP Epimetheus 2008-Aug-04 12:48 217 101809 out 19.8 143 80 80ME Methone 2008-Aug-11 20:41 224 60470 in 18.4 127 80* 80EN Enceladus 2008-Aug-11 21:06 224 50 in 17.7 110 80 80MI Mimas 2008-Aug-11 21:48 224 81525 out 19.1 137 80 80DA Daphnis 2008-Aug-11 21:55 224 109997 out 20.3 149 81 81TI Titan 2008-Aug-15 20:47 228 302605 in 5.9 22 81 81PL Pallene 2008-Aug-19 06:09 232 44152 in 18.4 134 81 81PN Pan 2008-Aug-19 06:44 232 114866 out 18.4 146 82 82AT Atlas 2008-Aug-26 14:07 239 107399 in 19.9 150 83 83TI Titan 2008-Aug-31 13:12 244 603610 in 6.9 97 83 83JA Janus 2008-Sep-02 23:28 246 87029 in 19.4 156 83 83ME Methone 2008-Sep-03 00:26 247 90910 out 19.2 128 84 84EP Epimetheus 2008-Sep-10 08:51 254 91396 in 19.6 155 85 85TI Titan 2008-Sep-15 23:39 259 902767 in 8.7 99 85 85PA Pandora 2008-Sep-17 16:36 261 106659 in 19.7 143 85 85MI Mimas 2008-Sep-17 16:50 261 61670 in 18.3 139 85 85CA Calypso 2008-Sep-17 17:19 261 60479 in 17.5 45 85 85DA Daphnis 2008-Sep-17 17:55 261 108427 out 20.2 151 86 86TE Tethys 2008-Sep-25 01:24 269 110414 in 17.5 23 86 86AT Atlas 2008-Sep-25 01:41 269 105297 in 19.9 150 86 86PN Pan 2008-Sep-25 02:14 269 105237 in 20.1 157 86 86PL Pallene 2008-Sep-25 03:12 269 114652 out 19.3 118 87 87TE Tethys 2008-Oct-02 11:03 276 78632 in 17.6 70 87 87TI Titan 2008-Oct-03 23:03 277 780488 out 9.3 125 88 88TL Telesto 2008-Oct-09 18:46 283 67251 in 17.2 22 88 88JA Janus 2008-Oct-09 18:56 283 89531 in 19.4 151 88* 88EN Enceladus 2008-Oct-09 19:06 283 25 in 17.7 113 89 89PL Pallene 2008-Oct-17 02:57 291 29037 in 18.1 141 89 89EP Epimetheus 2008-Oct-17 04:22 291 118902 out 20.3 136 89 89TI Titan 2008-Oct-19 05:24 293 397750 out 7.1 125 90 90JA Janus 2008-Oct-24 09:13 298 108155 in 19.5 132 90 90PN Pan 2008-Oct-24 10:07 298 105477 in 20.1 156 90 90MI Mimas 2008-Oct-24 10:24 298 57292 in 18.3 155 91 91ME Methone 2008-Oct-31 16:02 305 116144 in 18.8 102 91 91PA Pandora 2008-Oct-31 16:30 305 111476 in 19.8 138 91 91DA Daphnis 2008-Oct-31 17:13 305 102904 in 19.9 155 91* 91EN Enceladus 2008-Oct-31 17:14 305 196 in 17.7 113 91 91AT Atlas 2008-Oct-31 18:10 305 112339 out 20.3 147 91 91EP Epimetheus 2008-Oct-31 18:35 305 118943 out 20.3 136 91* 91TI Titan 2008-Nov-03 17:35 308 1100 out 6.3 171 92 92PO Polydeuces 2008-Nov-08 21:01 313 121408 in 15.3 12 92 92TL Telesto 2008-Nov-08 21:31 313 64794 in 16.4 84 92 92EN Enceladus 2008-Nov-08 21:51 313 52801 in 16.8 128 93 93TE Tethys 2008-Nov-16 20:14 321 57060 in 15.9 41 93* 93TI Titan 2008-Nov-19 15:56 324 1022 out 6.3 28 94 94HE Helene 2008-Nov-24 08:25 329 65068 in 14.3 14 94 94TE Tethys 2008-Nov-24 08:44 329 24233 in 15.2 159 95 95EN Enceladus 2008-Dec-02 06:35 337 122550 in 15.7 115 95 95CA Calypso 2008-Dec-02 07:16 337 68176 in 15.2 93 95* 95TI Titan 2008-Dec-05 14:25 337 960 out 6.3 25 96 96CA Calypso 2008-Dec-09 18:39 344 74910 out -2.0 155 97* 97TI Titan 2008-Dec-21 12:59 356 970 out 6.3 83 100 100TI Titan 2009-Jan-14 09:26 014 704012 out 9.3 25 102 102RH Rhea 2009-Feb-02 10:43 033 97433 in 10.4 82 102* 102TI Titan 2009-Feb-07 08:50 038 960 out 6.3 136 103 103TI Titan 2009-Feb-13 18:26 044 706923 in 7.7 98 106 106TI Titan 2009-Mar-21 11:50 080 991403 in 8.0 63 106* 106TI Titan 2009-Mar-27 04:43 086 960 out 6.3 84 108* 108TI Titan 2009-Apr-04 01:47 094 4150 in 5.8 151 108 108TI Titan 2009-Apr-11 17:34 101 326591 out 6.0 67 109* 109TI Titan 2009-Apr-20 00:20 110 3600 in 5.8 149 109 109TI Titan 2009-Apr-27 04:03 117 695883 out 6.3 64 110* 110TI Titan 2009-May-05 22:54 125 3244 in 5.8 146 111* 111TI Titan 2009-May-21 21:26 141 965 in 6.0 141 112* 112TI Titan 2009-Jun-06 20:00 157 965 in 6.0 135 113* 113TI Titan 2009-Jun-22 18:32 173 955 in 6.0 128 114* 114TI Titan 2009-Jul-08 17:04 189 965 in 6.0 120 114 114DI Dione 2009-Jul-11 03:12 192 86634 out 9.2 62 115* 115TI Titan 2009-Jul-24 15:34 205 955 in 6.0 112 115 115PM Prometheus 2009-Jul-26 16:18 207 113286 out 10.4 79 115 115PA Pandora 2009-Jul-26 16:48 207 103479 out 10.1 65 115 115JA Janus 2009-Jul-26 17:06 207 94990 out 9.9 59 115 115TE Tethys 2009-Jul-26 18:14 207 68369 out 9.5 89 116* 116TI Titan 2009-Aug-09 14:03 221 970 in 6.0 104 116 116AT Atlas 2009-Aug-11 11:26 223 119005 in 14.4 117 117* 117TI Titan 2009-Aug-25 12:51 237 970 in 6.0 86 117 117PL Pallene 2009-Aug-27 11:03 239 101876 out 7.5 120 117 117TL Telesto 2009-Aug-27 13:12 239 24674 out 5.8 86 118 118PM Prometheus 2009-Sep-20 10:09 263 121198 out 2.7 74 118 118DI Dione 2009-Sep-20 16:52 263 97914 out 9.8 94 118 118TI Titan 2009-Sep-22 06:53 265 293611 out 4.8 113 119* 119TI Titan 2009-Oct-12 08:36 285 1300 in 6.0 99 119 119RH Rhea 2009-Oct-13 16:55 286 40384 in 9.0 82 119 119ME Methone 2009-Oct-14 03:18 287 85989 in 11.8 39 119 119AT Atlas 2009-Oct-14 04:19 287 70794 in 2.9 114 119 119CA Calypso 2009-Oct-14 04:33 287 100778 in 7.7 107 119 119MI Mimas 2009-Oct-14 06:32 287 44193 out 7.9 102 119 119TE Tethys 2009-Oct-14 10:10 287 85262 out 11.9 76 120 120TI Titan 2009-Nov-01 23:57 305 978751 in 9.9 73 120 120PL Pallene 2009-Nov-02 02:07 306 93935 in 12.6 46 120 120EP Epimetheus 2009-Nov-02 05:26 306 105166 out 8.0 6 120 120CA Calypso 2009-Nov-02 06:55 306 86768 out 6.9 117 120* 120EN Enceladus 2009-Nov-02 07:41 306 90 out 7.7 90 121 121HE Helene 2009-Nov-20 22:04 324 82610 in 6.6 105 121* 121EN Enceladus 2009-Nov-21 02:09 325 1602 in 7.8 87 121 121PA Pandora 2009-Nov-21 04:45 325 59374 in 3.0 103 121 121TI Titan 2009-Nov-21 08:30 325 965087 out 11.1 138 121 121CA Calypso 2009-Nov-21 10:19 325 36984 out 10.0 78 121 121RH Rhea 2009-Nov-21 17:35 325 24417 out 8.7 58 122 122HE Helene 2009-Dec-09 22:28 343 31701 in 9.6 73 122 122PL Pallene 2009-Dec-10 03:33 344 111152 in 13.7 47 122* 122TI Titan 2009-Dec-12 01:03 346 4850 out 5.7 124 123 123TE Tethys 2009-Dec-26 00:35 360 52923 in 11.8 77 123 123PM Prometheus 2009-Dec-26 05:01 360 56433 in 10.5 36 123* 123TI Titan 2009-Dec-28 00:16 362 955 out 5.9 86 124 124PA Pandora 2010-Jan-11 02:08 011 73215 in 7.1 141 124 124ME Methone 2010-Jan-11 02:26 011 27180 in 8.0 145 124 124EN Enceladus 2010-Jan-11 06:47 011 105775 out 11.4 98 124 124CA Calypso 2010-Jan-11 08:17 011 112930 out 8.0 102 124* 124TI Titan 2010-Jan-12 23:10 012 1072 out 5.9 95 125 125TL Telesto 2010-Jan-27 00:29 027 97030 in 7.2 91 125 125ME Methone 2010-Jan-27 01:39 027 72090 in 14.0 60 125 125PN Pan 2010-Jan-27 04:31 027 97922 out 14.8 123 125 125PM Prometheus 2010-Jan-27 04:36 027 32501 out 7.2 112 125 125DI Dione 2010-Jan-27 11:47 027 45083 out 8.7 106 125* 125TI Titan 2010-Jan-28 22:28 028 7490 out 5.7 69 126 126CA Calypso 2010-Feb-13 11:44 044 21216 in 10.1 72 126 126EP Epimetheus 2010-Feb-13 16:16 044 93127 in 12.4 30 126 126JA Janus 2010-Feb-13 16:22 044 114980 in 14.4 29 126 126MI Mimas 2010-Feb-13 17:22 044 9526 out 5.8 99 126 126TE Tethys 2010-Feb-13 18:15 044 111962 out 8.2 114 126 126TI Titan 2010-Feb-14 22:26 045 650578 out 8.8 32 127* 127RH Rhea 2010-Mar-02 17:40 061 100 in 8.6 87 127 127PN Pan 2010-Mar-03 04:37 062 103805 in 6.0 149 127 127CA Calypso 2010-Mar-03 11:03 062 91805 out 12.8 77 127* 127HE Helene 2010-Mar-03 13:40 062 1822 out 9.1 106 128 128TI Titan 2010-Mar-19 14:40 078 648389 in 8.9 119 128 128TL Telesto 2010-Mar-20 16:21 079 89557 in 12.7 72 128 128AT Atlas 2010-Mar-20 20:52 079 106382 in 10.4 137 128 128PM Prometheus 2010-Mar-20 21:14 079 43759 in 4.2 107 128 128DA Daphnis 2010-Mar-20 21:45 079 60921 out 5.3 25 128 128ME Methone 2010-Mar-20 23:34 079 56403 out 11.2 99 128 128PL Pallene 2010-Mar-21 00:07 080 74781 out 12.7 94 128 128PO Polydeuces 2010-Mar-21 04:51 080 33102 out 10.3 70 129* 129TI Titan 2010-Apr-05 15:50 095 7461 in 5.7 73 129* 129DI Dione 2010-Apr-07 05:16 097 503 in 8.4 79 129 129CA Calypso 2010-Apr-07 08:00 097 97923 in 11.7 69 129 129EP Epimetheus 2010-Apr-07 12:45 097 61716 in 2.4 89 129 129JA Janus 2010-Apr-07 13:43 097 74605 out 2.8 40 129 129MI Mimas 2010-Apr-07 13:46 097 97420 out 10.3 124 129 129TE Tethys 2010-Apr-07 14:58 097 70783 out 6.4 103 130 130PM Prometheus 2010-Apr-27 20:38 117 84544 in 1.6 116 130 130TL Telesto 2010-Apr-27 20:45 117 79578 in 6.7 97 130 130TI Titan 2010-Apr-27 21:09 117 989097 in 12.5 94 130 130DA Daphnis 2010-Apr-27 22:41 117 86342 out 1.4 47 130 130PA Pandora 2010-Apr-27 23:05 117 91594 out 1.8 34 130 130PL Pallene 2010-Apr-27 23:46 117 71216 out 9.7 112 130 130PN Pan 2010-Apr-27 23:52 117 113808 out .5 24 130* 130EN Enceladus 2010-Apr-28 00:10 118 99 out 6.5 93 131* 131EN Enceladus 2010-May-18 06:04 138 197 in 6.5 108 131 131ME Methone 2010-May-18 08:19 138 18468 in 4.3 75 131* 131TI Titan 2010-May-20 03:24 140 1400 out 5.9 112 132 132HE Helene 2010-Jun-03 00:38 154 114498 in 11.8 85 132 132CA Calypso 2010-Jun-03 06:10 154 119761 in 8.9 80 132 132PA Pandora 2010-Jun-03 07:15 154 97613 in 14.1 44 132 132TE Tethys 2010-Jun-03 12:56 154 52611 out 9.6 99 132 132RH Rhea 2010-Jun-03 20:31 154 69386 out 8.0 102 132* 132TI Titan 2010-Jun-05 02:26 156 2044 out 5.8 87 133 133RH Rhea 2010-Jun-18 19:49 169 121264 in 10.7 109 133 133PN Pan 2010-Jun-19 07:08 170 28974 out 4.9 113 133 133PO Polydeuces 2010-Jun-19 14:07 170 97267 out 12.4 79 133 133TI Titan 2010-Jun-21 01:27 172 955 out 5.9 82 134 134CA Calypso 2010-Jul-05 00:38 186 112762 in 12.6 70 134 134EN Enceladus 2010-Jul-05 02:06 186 55963 in 11.2 58 134 134DA Daphnis 2010-Jul-05 05:02 186 69384 in 9.0 50 134* 134TI Titan 2010-Jul-07 00:26 188 1004 out 5.9 82 135 135PM Prometheus 2010-Jul-25 03:30 206 70112 out 2.2 69 135 135AT Atlas 2010-Jul-25 04:32 206 89635 out 2.0 37 136 136TI Titan 2010-Aug-11 13:36 223 417010 in 4.0 80 136 136DI Dione 2010-Aug-13 17:43 225 108621 in 11.3 84 136 136CA Calypso 2010-Aug-13 20:29 225 22857 in 7.4 99 136* 136EN Enceladus 2010-Aug-13 22:29 225 2651 in 6.9 85 136 136EP Epimetheus 2010-Aug-13 23:22 225 101275 in 3.8 149 136 136AT Atlas 2010-Aug-14 00:33 226 73634 in 2.1 102 136 136PA Pandora 2010-Aug-14 01:08 226 67383 out 2.3 78 136 136DA Daphnis 2010-Aug-14 01:25 226 74092 out 2.1 68 136 136JA Janus 2010-Aug-14 02:01 226 79900 out 3.4 34 136 136PN Pan 2010-Aug-14 02:05 226 86649 out 1.8 47 136 136TE Tethys 2010-Aug-14 06:02 226 36965 out 9.2 90 137 137PO Polydeuces 2010-Sep-02 18:13 245 60519 in 7.2 95 137 137TL Telesto 2010-Sep-02 20:31 245 78878 in 11.1 73 137 137PM Prometheus 2010-Sep-02 22:52 245 119913 in 1.6 152 137 137TI Titan 2010-Sep-03 02:15 246 985950 out 12.6 103 137 137EP Epimetheus 2010-Sep-03 03:05 246 103009 out 4.0 18 137 137DI Dione 2010-Sep-03 09:04 246 33089 out 9.0 83 138 138EN Enceladus 2010-Sep-23 03:14 266 116859 out 12.9 104 138 138CA Calypso 2010-Sep-23 05:03 266 30357 out 8.5 87 138 138PO Polydeuces 2010-Sep-23 07:32 266 103504 out 11.3 82 138* 138TI Titan 2010-Sep-24 18:45 267 8124 out 5.7 60 EXTENDED-EXTENDED MISSION 2010-10-11 to 2017-09-15 2010-284 to 2017-258 ------------------------- The proposed XXM is a seven-year extended mission which will continue exploring the features of the Saturnian system such as the rings, the magnetosphere, Titan, and the icy satellites, especially Enceladus. The seven year extension will also allow for the observation of the Northern summer solstice at Saturn. The proposed tour contains five phases; two contain equatorial orbits while the other phases are characterized by inclined orbits. The proposed XXM features 54 Titan flybys, 23 close icy flybys (which include 11 Enceladus flybys), and 156 orbits of Saturn. The first inclined phase, In-0, begins where the EM ended. The inclination is decreased over four months such that the subsequent transfer is equatorial. The second phase of the proposed SM takes place over 18 months and is characterized by equatorial orbits. During this phase, high northern Saturn occultations and Saturn observations free of ring obstruction will be completed. The first seven targeted Enceladus flybys occur here, as well as close flybys of Rhea, Helene, Dione (twice), Tethys and Methone. Several of the Enceladus flybys will include plume passages. The third phase is dominated by highly inclined orbits. These orbits will enable ring observations, magnetotail crossings, and Saturn high-latitude occultations. Titan flyby geometries allow for many low altitude, non-equatorial groundtracks. The fourth phase is eight months long and is comprised of equatorial orbits. The final three targeted Enceladus encounters and two close Dione flybys will occur here. This phase is important for setting up the orbit geometry for the proximal orbits in the final tour phase. The final phase of the tour contains a series of Titan flybys which allow for numerous Titan polar occultations, as well as low altitude groundtracks. This phase also includes long duration Saturn occultations to enable Saturn eclipse imaging. The F-ring orbits begin on 29-Nov-2016. The periapse radii of these 20 orbits is ~2.5 RS which puts the spacecraft between the F-ring and the G-ring. These orbits will allow for quality, close-up observations of the rings and other features of the Saturnian system at low phase. Extended-Extended Mission Sequence Boundaries --------------------------------------------- Sequence Rev Epoch (SCET) DOY Duration In days -------- --- ----------------- --- -------- S64 139 2010-Oct-11 04:17 284 45 S65 141 2010-Nov-24 19:35 328 54 S66 143 2011-Jan-17 08:42 017 49 S67 146 2011-Mar-07 13:02 066 49 S68 147 2011-Apr-25 16:03 115 69 S69 150 2011-Jul-03 11:10 184 66 S70 153 2011-Sep-07 00:48 250 70 S71 157 2011-Nov-16 03:02 320 70 S72 160 2012-Jan-24 22:55 024 73 S73 164 2012-Apr-06 11:47 097 73 S74 168 2012-Jun-18 22:58 170 67 S75 171 2012-Aug-24 18:34 237 70 S76 174 2012-Nov-02 14:30 307 72 S77 179 2013-Jan-13 17:51 013 72 S78 184 2013-Mar-26 13:15 085 72 S79 191 2013-Jun-07 00:45 158 68 S80 196 2013-Aug-14 09:51 226 70 S81 198 2013-Oct-22 23:15 295 66 S82 200 2013-Dec-28 01:47 362 76 S83 202 2014-Mar-13 21:12 072 72 S84 204 2014-May-24 10:01 144 68 S85 206 2014-Jul-31 05:09 212 67 S86 209 2014-Oct-06 01:01 279 72 S87 210 2014-Dec-17 03:15 351 67 S88 212 2015-Feb-21 16:52 052 69 S89 215 2015-May-01 18:45 121 73 S90 218 2015-Jul-13 13:42 194 70 S91 222 2015-Sep-21 02:48 264 65 S92 226 2015-Nov-25 04:59 329 74 S93 231 2016-Feb-07 00:48 038 72 S94 235 2016-Apr-18 18:43 109 69 S95 237 2016-Jun-26 15:44 178 74 S96 242 2016-Sep-08 10:36 252 76 S97 249 2016-Nov-23 05:43 328 66 S98 259 2017-Jan-28 02:01 028 71 S99 268 2017-Apr-08 21:55 098 67 S100 279 2017-Jun-14 17:15 165 71 S101 290 2017-Aug-24 12:25 236 23 Extended-Extended Mission Satellite Encounter --------------------------------------------- *Targeted fly-by Rev Name Satellite Epoch (SCET) DOY Alt in/ Speed Phase km out km/s deg ---- ----- --------- ---------------- --- --- --- ----- ---- 139 139TI Titan 2010-Oct-14 17:07 287 172368 in 4.8 80 139 139PO Polydeuces 2010-Oct-16 10:46 289 116527 in 10.8 73 139 139MI Mimas 2010-Oct-16 17:32 289 69950 in 2.4 101 139 139PL Pallene 2010-Oct-16 17:56 289 36118 in 3.5 82 139 139TL Telesto 2010-Oct-16 18:03 289 48455 out 5.5 99 139 139ME Methone 2010-Oct-16 18:39 289 105868 out 5.8 23 139 139AE Aegaeon 2010-Oct-16 19:18 289 96754 out 1.9 40 139 139DI Dione 2010-Oct-17 01:30 290 31710 out 6.8 91 139 139RH Rhea 2010-Oct-17 06:47 290 38752 out 7.1 100 140 140DI Dione 2010-Nov-09 10:56 313 100025 in 10.0 74 140 140EN Enceladus 2010-Nov-09 16:22 313 45119 in 6.5 50 140* 140TI Titan 2010-Nov-11 13:37 315 7921 out 5.6 121 141 141HY Hyperion 2010-Nov-28 03:29 332 71756 in 4.9 73 141 141TI Titan 2010-Nov-29 06:26 333 926201 in 10.5 130 141 141AT Atlas 2010-Nov-30 07:18 334 114447 in .7 144 141 141JA Janus 2010-Nov-30 11:13 334 95624 out 2.4 29 141* 141EN Enceladus 2010-Nov-30 11:54 334 48 out 6.3 78 142 142TI Titan 2010-Dec-16 19:58 350 848541 in 3.6 91 142 142TI Titan 2010-Dec-20 12:17 354 893250 in 6.3 46 142 142DI Dione 2010-Dec-20 16:51 354 100121 in 5.9 87 142 142PN Pan 2010-Dec-20 20:36 354 115570 in .4 141 142 142PA Pandora 2010-Dec-20 20:42 354 109072 in 1.1 143 142 142DA Daphnis 2010-Dec-20 23:36 254 85033 out 1.3 61 142* 142EN Enceladus 2010-Dec-21 01:08 355 48 out 6.2 89 143 143PA Pandora 2011-Jan-10 14:43 010 94681 in 1.5 133 143 143ME Methone 2011-Jan-10 17:22 010 85733 out 9.4 127 143 143TI Titan 2011-Jan-11 03:19 011 838660 out 5.9 140 143* 143RH Rhea 2011-Jan-11 04:53 011 76 out 8.0 101 143 143TI Titan 2011-Jan-14 09:20 014 772834 out 3.6 96 144 144EP Epimetheus 2011-Jan-31 02:15 031 68379 in 2.5 115 144 144CA Calypso 2011-Jan-31 03:48 031 77753 out 6.6 94 144 144PM Prometheus 2011-Jan-31 04:47 031 105619 out 1.1 33 144 144EN Enceladus 2011-Jan-31 05:52 031 60029 out 9.6 111 144 144HE Helene 2011-Jan-31 10:17 031 27766 out 7.5 92 145* 145TI Titan 2011-Feb-18 16:04 049 3651 in 5.8 62 145 145EN Enceladus 2011-Feb-20 14:03 051 67916 out 4.2 134 145 145PL Pallene 2011-Feb-20 14:49 051 92220 out 2.7 56 145 145TE Tethys 2011-Feb-20 17:13 051 47669 out 6.7 124 146 146TL Telesto 2011-Mar-20 12:14 079 10038 out 4.3 83 147 147AE Aegaeon 2011-Apr-17 09:12 107 118148 in .6 109 147 147HE Helene 2011-Apr-17 13:39 107 69508 out 5.2 81 147* 147TI Titan 2011-Apr-19 05:01 109 10053 out 5.6 101 148* 148TI Titan 2011-May-08 22:54 128 1873 in 5.9 47 149 149HE Helene 2011-Jun-18 19:32 169 6982 in 4.6 102 149 149TL Telesto 2011-Jun-18 23:40 169 62000 in 2.8 108 149* 149TI Titan 2011-Jun-20 18:32 171 1359 out 5.9 73 150 150TI Titan 2011-Jul-09 06:59 190 627602 in 8.8 168 150 150HE Helene 2011-Jul-10 10:47 191 93012 in 5.6 40 150 150JA Janus 2011-Jul-10 15:44 191 92987 in 1.0 141 150 150PN Pan 2011-Jul-10 15:51 191 110201 in 0.1 138 150 150PM Prometheus 2011-Jul-10 17:15 191 113054 out 0.2 108 151 151HE Helene 2011-Aug-01 00:39 213 76553 in 9.6 129 151 151TI Titan 2011-Aug-01 07:08 213 983668 in 11.2 37 151 151TL Telesto 2011-Aug-01 08:11 213 50589 in 5.6 45 151 151ME Methone 2011-Aug-01 08:41 213 97384 out 5.8 81 151 151RH Rhea 2011-Aug-01 21:02 213 5846 out 7.7 131 152 152EP Epimetheus 2011-Aug-23 03:17 235 96001 in 1.1 153 152 152AT Atlas 2011-Aug-23 05:29 235 118268 out 0.1 104 152 152TI Titan 2011-Aug-24 12:12 236 585579 out 8.5 101 152 152HY Hyperion 2011-Aug-25 16:48 237 24979 out 5.1 107 153* 153TI Titan 2011-Sep-12 02:50 255 5821 in 5.8 159 153 153RH Rhea 2011-Sep-13 10:34 256 25410 in 8.7 141 153 153TE Tethys 2011-Sep-13 18:19 256 32819 in 7.3 53 153 153PA Pandora 2011-Sep-13 22:37 256 58067 in 2.7 154 153 153EN Enceladus 2011-Sep-13 22:49 256 42224 in 6.3 51 153 153JA Janus 2011-Sep-13 23:09 256 45581 out 3.5 109 153 153ME Methone 2011-Sep-14 00:48 257 119906 out 14.0 159 153 153PL Pallene 2011-Sep-14 01:21 257 25960 out 8.2 152 153 153TL Telesto 2011-Sep-14 03:53 257 23347 out 7.7 53 153 153HY Hyperion 2011-Sep-16 13:23 259 58015 out 4.8 84 154 154TI Titan 2011-Sep-28 03:23 271 679812 in 3.7 43 154 154TI Titan 2011-Sep-30 17:18 273 835936 in 3.1 12 154* 154EN Enceladus 2011-Oct-01 13:52 274 99 in 7.4 102 154 154EP Epimetheus 2011-Oct-01 17:31 274 67941 out 4.2 81 154 154CA Calypso 2011-Oct-01 21:46 274 124815 out 13.3 136 155 155TL Telesto 2011-Oct-19 07:36 292 25567 in 7.5 53 155* 155EN Enceladus 2011-Oct-19 09:22 292 1231 in 7.5 118 156* 156EN Enceladus 2011-Nov-06 04:59 310 496 in 7.4 74 156 156ME Methone 2011-Nov-06 06:37 310 19396 in 6.3 107 156 156PA Pandora 2011-Nov-06 08:58 310 76388 out 3.2 81 156 156CA Calypso 2011-Nov-06 10:00 310 86246 out 6.9 55 157 157HE Helene 2011-Nov-23 21:05 327 103261 in 11.4 134 157 157EN Enceladus 2011-Nov-24 03:03 328 34524 in 6.2 52 157 157EP Epimetheus 2011-Nov-24 04:44 328 51246 out 3.5 103 157 157TI Titan 2011-Nov-24 15:00 328 863144 out 6.1 97 157 157TI Titan 2011-Nov-27 23:52 331 748418 out 3.8 52 158 158CA Calypso 2011-Dec-12 00:26 346 91789 in 7.1 42 158 158EN Enceladus 2011-Dec-12 04:27 346 19907 out 6.5 41 158 158TE Tethys 2011-Dec-12 07:05 346 60600 out 10.8 139 158* 158DI Dione 2011-Dec-12 09:39 346 99 out 8.7 49 158* 158TI Titan 2011-Dec-13 20:11 347 3586 out 5.8 100 159* 159TI Titan 2012-Jan-02 15:14 002 29415 in 5.5 76 159 159HE Helene 2012-Jan-04 05:38 004 42190 in 8.1 112 159 159MI Mimas 2012-Jan-04 11:17 004 103423 in 2.0 161 159 159JA Janus 2012-Jan-04 12:21 004 117849 in 0.2 135 160* 160TI Titan 2012-Jan-30 13:40 030 31131 out 5.4 96 161* 161TI Titan 2012-Feb-19 08:43 050 3803 in 5.8 143 161 161PO Polydeuces 2012-Feb-20 22:33 051 90802 in 6.3 59 161 161TL Telesto 2012-Feb-21 01:14 052 55033 in 6.6 64 161 161EN Enceladus 2012-Feb-21 02:01 052 46662 in 10.1 100 161 161PL Pallene 2012-Feb-21 02:55 052 69233 in 11.0 92 161 161PA Pandora 2012-Feb-21 05:51 052 60406 out 2.9 87 161 161DI Dione 2012-Feb-21 11:10 052 119728 out 6.0 74 161 161RH Rhea 2012-Feb-21 17:16 052 100496 out 9.9 104 162 162TI Titan 2012-Mar-06 07:50 066 717787 in 3.7 56 162 162HY Hyperion 2012-Mar-08 01:31 068 104046 in 5.5 148 162 162TI Titan 2012-Mar-09 10:14 069 864012 in 4.5 16 162 162HE Helene 2012-Mar-09 18:49 069 109822 in 11.6 121 162 162EN Enceladus 2012-Mar-09 23:22 069 9176 in 7.0 75 162 162PM Prometheus 2012-Mar-10 02:30 070 58009 out 2.5 102 162 162EP Epimetheus 2012-Mar-10 03:29 070 111449 out 6.9 49 162 162CA Calypso 2012-Mar-10 06:36 070 47336 out 6.8 63 162 162RH Rhea 2012-Mar-10 15:03 070 41858 out 7.5 73 163 163PO Polydeuces 2012-Mar-27 15:54 087 118112 in 6.0 53 163* 163EN Enceladus 2012-Mar-27 18:30 087 74 in 7.5 105 163 163PM Prometheus 2012-Mar-27 21:01 087 62927 in 2.5 145 163 163JA Janus 2012-Mar-27 21:34 087 43863 out 3.2 116 163 163DI Dione 2012-Mar-28 05:07 088 43997 out 7.5 64 164 164HE Helene 2012-Apr-14 09:37 105 104848 in 11.5 121 164 164CA Calypso 2012-Apr-14 12:44 105 48733 in 6.7 62 164* 164EN Enceladus 2012-Apr-14 14:02 105 74 in 7.5 104 164 164PM Prometheus 2012-Apr-14 15:15 105 97644 in 2.4 166 164 164PA Pandora 2012-Apr-14 15:43 105 87215 in 3.3 167 164 164TI Titan 2012-Apr-14 18:44 105 995032 out 12.5 78 164 164TE Tethys 2012-Apr-14 22:06 105 9053 out 8.7 126 164 164HY Hyperion 2012-Apr-16 21:30 107 123213 out 5.7 87 165 165PO Polydeuces 2012-May-02 06:55 123 117991 in 6.0 53 165* 165EN Enceladus 2012-May-02 09:31 123 74 in 7.5 100 165 165AT Atlas 2012-May-02 13:54 123 84769 out 2.5 65 165 165DI Dione 2012-May-02 20:13 123 8057 out 8.5 65 165 165TI Titan 2012-May-03 01:17 124 834425 out 5.2 111 165 165TI Titan 2012-May-06 03:41 127 699945 out 3.7 65 166 166TE Tethys 2012-May-20 02:15 141 53806 in 6.6 62 166 166EN Enceladus 2012-May-20 03:03 141 70346 in 11.4 102 166 166DA Daphnis 2012-May-20 03:58 141 115194 in 1.4 161 166 166PM Prometheus 2012-May-20 04:33 141 100902 in 2.6 164 166 166PN Pan 2012-May-20 06:03 141 63574 in 2.2 137 166 166ME Methone 2012-May-20 06:57 141 1861 out 5.1 126 166 166MI Mimas 2012-May-20 08:04 141 113330 out 13.7 148 166 166PL Pallene 2012-May-20 08:57 141 75150 out 11.3 142 166 166TL Telesto 2012-May-20 11:31 141 10989 out 8.9 128 166* 166TI Titan 2012-May-22 01:10 143 955 out 5.9 71 167 167PL Pallene 2012-Jun-05 02:32 157 74736 in 12.1 93 167 167PM Prometheus 2012-Jun-05 03:01 157 99968 in 5.7 161 167 167PA Pandora 2012-Jun-05 04:22 157 49933 in 5.5 126 167 167MI Mimas 2012-Jun-05 05:08 157 43563 out 7.2 114 167 167DA Daphnis 2012-Jun-05 05:13 157 75876 out 7.1 74 167 167AT Atlas 2012-Jun-05 05:35 157 100455 out 8.7 60 167* 167TI Titan 2012-Jun-07 00:07 159 959 out 5.9 75 168 168TI Titan 2012-Jun-27 06:58 179 458662 in 5.6 97 168 168TE Tethys 2012-Jun-28 21:09 180 68480 in 7.7 80 169 169HE Helene 2012-Jul-22 21:21 204 110974 in 6.0 91 169* 169TI Titan 2012-Jul-24 20:03 206 1012 out 5.9 58 170 170TL Telesto 2012-Aug-12 21:46 225 92919 in 7.9 102 171 171TI Titan 2012-Sep-02 19:44 246 784735 in 7.2 39 172* 172TI Titan 2012-Sep-26 14:36 270 956 out 5.9 47 174* 174TI Titan 2012-Nov-13 10:22 318 973 out 5.9 68 175* 175TI Titan 2012-Nov-29 08:57 334 1014 out 5.9 44 176 176TI Titan 2012-Dec-09 23:16 344 906844 in 8.1 85 176 176TI Titan 2012-Dec-15 13:50 350 899663 out 4.6 103 177 177TI Titan 2012-Dec-22 17:28 357 714543 in 8.1 31 177 177RH Rhea 2012-Dec-22 23:07 357 22877 in 9.1 43 181* 181TI Titan 2013-Feb-17 01:57 048 1978 out 5.8 35 182 182TI Titan 2013-Feb-25 17:27 056 707385 in 8.4 41 183* 183RH Rhea 2013-Mar-09 18:17 068 997 in 9.3 138 185* 185TI Titan 2013-Apr-05 21:44 095 1400 out 5.8 69 186 186TI Titan 2013-Apr-12 03:48 102 939361 in 10.1 50 186 186PO Polydeuces 2013-Apr-12 07:45 102 115478 in 11.5 126 188 188TI Titan 2013-May-01 13:43 121 900102 in 10.7 59 189 189TI Titan 2013-May-07 16:25 127 908116 in 6.3 127 190* 190TI Titan 2013-May-23 17:33 143 970 out 5.9 50 191 191TI Titan 2013-May-31 13:54 151 568227 in 7.6 27 194* 194TI Titan 2013-Jul-10 13:22 191 964 out 5.9 46 195 195TI Titan 2013-Jul-20 02:45 201 889466 in 6.2 111 195* 195TI Titan 2013-Jul-26 11:56 207 1400 out 5.8 58 197 197TI Titan 2013-Sep-04 21:26 247 531399 in 4.7 126 197* 197TI Titan 2013-Sep-12 07:44 255 1400 out 5.8 21 198* 198TI Titan 2013-Oct-14 04:56 287 961 out 5.9 25 199* 199TI Titan 2013-Dec-01 00:41 335 1400 in 5.8 50 200* 200TI Titan 2014-Jan-01 22:00 001 1400 in 5.8 35 200 200TI Titan 2014-Jan-09 10:02 009 810303 out 4.3 169 201* 201TI Titan 2014-Feb-02 19:13 033 1236 in 5.9 44 201 201TI Titan 2014-Feb-10 13:05 041 887331 out 4.1 134 202* 202TI Titan 2014-Mar-06 16:27 065 1500 in 5.8 53 203* 203TI Titan 2014-Apr-07 13:41 097 963 in 5.9 60 204* 204TI Titan 2014-May-17 16:12 137 2994 out 5.7 158 205* 205TI Titan 2014-Jun-18 13:28 169 3659 out 5.6 165 206* 206TI Titan 2014-Jul-20 10:41 201 5103 out 5.6 171 207 207TI Titan 2014-Aug-13 12:08 225 959146 in 4.2 34 207* 207TI Titan 2014-Aug-21 08:09 233 964 out 5.8 12 208* 208TI Titan 2014-Sep-22 05:23 265 1400 out 5.8 21 209* 209TI Titan 2014-Oct-24 02:41 297 1013 out 5.8 31 210* 210TI Titan 2014-Dec-10 22:27 344 980 out 5.8 56 211* 211TI Titan 2015-Jan-11 19:49 011 970 out 5.8 46 212 212RH Rhea 2015-Feb-10 06:46 041 46943 in 5.3 108 212* 212TI Titan 2015-Feb-12 17:08 043 1200 out 5.8 55 213 213HE Helene 2015-Mar-14 11:09 073 58255 in 5.4 80 213 213CA Calypso 2015-Mar-14 15:28 073 101452 in 3.3 84 213* 213TI Titan 2015-Mar-16 14:30 075 2275 out 5.7 70 214 214TI Titan 2015-Apr-11 17:55 101 899020 out 8.8 132 214 214TE Tethys 2015-Apr-11 17:58 101 52867 out 3.5 32 214 214DI Dione 2015-Apr-11 23:22 101 110134 out 8.0 28 215* 215TI Titan 2015-May-07 22:50 127 2722 in 5.7 34 215 215AE Aegaeon 2015-May-09 16:51 129 92558 in 1.6 28 215 215DA Daphnis 2015-May-09 17:24 129 113732 in 0.1 43 215 215TL Telesto 2015-May-09 17:53 129 46451 in 5.3 126 215 215PO Polydeuces 2015-May-10 01:12 130 34028 out 6.6 130 216 216TI Titan 2015-May-28 10:24 148 942020 in 9.3 147 216 216TL Telesto 2015-May-28 14:09 148 44722 in 5.3 127 216 216HY Hyperion 2015-May-31 13:36 151 34287 out 4.3 70 217 217PO Polydeuces 2015-Jun-16 05:25 167 34757 in 6.6 121 217 217ME Methone 2015-Jun-16 11:40 167 109541 in 5.3 26 217 217PN Pan 2015-Jun-16 11:56 167 118209 in 0.3 41 217 217AT Atlas 2015-Jun-16 12:30 167 111223 in 0.0 50 217 217JA Janus 2015-Jun-16 13:38 167 101446 out 0.8 72 217 217TL Telesto 2015-Jun-16 13:40 167 44150 out 5.3 127 217 217TI Titan 2015-Jun-16 18:23 167 957887 out 8.8 97 217* 217DI Dione 2015-Jun-16 20:12 167 516 out 7.3 58 218 218PN Pan 2015-Jul-05 11:47 186 115976 out 0.3 64 218 218TL Telesto 2015-Jul-05 14:53 186 14165 out 5.8 127 218* 218TI Titan 2015-Jul-07 08:10 188 10953 out 5.6 78 219 219TI Titan 2015-Jul-25 22:36 206 729264 in 9.2 31 219 219DI Dione 2015-Jul-27 00:56 208 60520 in 5.1 120 219 219EN Enceladus 2015-Jul-27 06:18 208 111425 out 6.7 24 220* 220DI Dione 2015-Aug-17 18:33 229 474 in 6.4 67 220 220TE Tethys 2015-Aug-17 21:56 229 41892 in 6.3 82 220 220EN Enceladus 2015-Aug-18 01:17 230 53165 in 3.3 78 220 220ME Methone 2015-Aug-18 01:35 230 89809 out 1.6 61 220 220TI Titan 2015-Aug-18 01:53 230 960424 out 10.1 120 220 220HE Helene 2015-Aug-18 08:33 230 113474 out 9.4 46 221 221DI Dione 2015-Sep-08 14:33 251 41945 in 7.6 67 221 221HE Helene 2015-Sep-09 04:53 252 82919 out 8.6 45 221 221TI Titan 2015-Sep-10 06:21 253 706926 out 9.1 89 222* 222TI Titan 2015-Sep-28 21:37 271 1036 in 5.8 42 222 222DI Dione 2015-Sep-30 08:41 273 40820 in 10.1 63 222 222CA Calypso 2015-Sep-30 11:04 273 43893 in 10.8 72 222 222MI Mimas 2015-Sep-30 14:12 273 64791 in 11.8 93 222 222TE Tethys 2015-Sep-30 16:59 273 117359 out 8.5 106 222 222AE Aegaeon 2015-Sep-30 17:35 273 79790 out 12.1 40 222 222TL Telesto 2015-Sep-30 21:15 273 117967 out 13.7 68 222 222RH Rhea 2015-Oct-01 04:26 274 57885 out 9.3 85 223 223TI Titan 2015-Oct-13 12:43 286 826235 in 10.1 31 223 223PO Polydeuces 2015-Oct-14 06:50 287 115893 in 12.3 61 223* 223EN Enceladus 2015-Oct-14 10:42 287 1839 in 8.5 63 223 223ME Methone 2015-Oct-14 11:54 287 39930 in 9.9 89 223 223PM Prometheus 2015-Oct-14 13:44 287 118621 in 12.4 25 223 223HE Helene 2015-Oct-14 20:59 287 117113 out 6.0 102 224 224PO Polydeuces 2015-Oct-28 04:12 301 84455 in 7.0 116 224 224TL Telesto 2015-Oct-28 07:18 301 59688 in 6.9 113 224 224DA Daphnis 2015-Oct-28 11:25 301 73294 in 6.3 26 224 224PN Pan 2015-Oct-28 12:32 301 64882 out 4.7 116 224* 224EN Enceladus 2015-Oct-28 15:23 301 49 out 8.5 118 224 224HE Helene 2015-Oct-28 19:26 301 78772 out 11.1 77 224 224TI Titan 2015-Oct-29 14:05 302 800181 out 10.0 112 225 225CA Calypso 2015-Nov-11 07:21 315 104486 in 7.5 122 225 225PN Pan 2015-Nov-11 07:22 315 111589 in 3.6 29 225 225PA Pandora 2015-Nov-11 09:31 315 105774 out 12.1 118 225 225TE Tethys 2015-Nov-11 14:42 315 8356 out 8.8 100 225* 225TI Titan 2015-Nov-13 05:47 317 11920 out 5.5 92 226 226TE Tethys 2015-Nov-23 21:57 327 17519 in 9.2 113 226 226AT Atlas 2015-Nov-24 02:33 328 105208 in 16.6 102 226 226DA Daphnis 2015-Nov-24 02:35 328 77502 in 13.1 104 226 226ME Methone 2015-Nov-24 05:46 328 37729 out 11.6 56 226 226TI Titan 2015-Nov-30 05:57 334 753131 out 4.0 113 227 227EP Epimetheus 2015-Dec-06 20:38 340 2616 out 5.5 65 227 227AT Atlas 2015-Dec-06 20:55 340 20857 out 5.8 47 227 227PM Prometheus 2015-Dec-06 21:02 340 20986 out 6.3 46 228 228TI Titan 2015-Dec-17 13:23 351 148669 in 4.7 130 228 228AE Aegaeon 2015-Dec-19 12:59 353 2556 in 6.9 84 228* 228EN Enceladus 2015-Dec-19 17:49 353 4999 out 9.5 114 228 228CA Calypso 2015-Dec-19 19:11 353 91778 out 13.4 69 229 229RH Rhea 2015-Dec-31 22:31 365 24473 in 9.0 42 229 229AE Aegaeon 2016-Jan-01 08:59 001 93591 in 15.7 88 229 229PN Pan 2016-Jan-01 10:14 001 97028 in 14.7 107 229 229PA Pandora 2016-Jan-01 11:27 001 109762 out 16.8 36 229 229ME Methone 2016-Jan-01 12:10 001 27739 out 7.1 120 229 229TE Tethys 2016-Jan-01 15:52 001 38858 out 11.3 68 230 230CA Calypso 2016-Jan-14 02:03 014 115018 in 14.3 61 230 230EN Enceladus 2016-Jan-14 03:20 014 72201 in 13.4 70 230 230MI Mimas 2016-Jan-14 06:07 014 27559 in 7.0 105 230 230AT Atlas 2016-Jan-14 06:20 014 94477 in 14.9 103 230 230DA Daphnis 2016-Jan-14 07:15 014 23058 out 5.4 47 230 230TL Telesto 2016-Jan-14 12:15 014 14054 out 9.3 115 230* 230TI Titan 2016-Jan-16 02:21 016 3817 out 5.7 99 231 231PN Pan 2016-Jan-30 07:21 030 116642 out 0.6 129 231 231PO Polydeuces 2016-Jan-30 11:12 030 104748 out 5.9 105 231* 231TI Titan 2016-Feb-01 01:01 032 1400 out 5.8 120 232 232PO Polydeuces 2016-Feb-14 20:17 045 77365 in 7.8 96 232 232TL Telesto 2016-Feb-15 00:15 046 48870 in 6.7 103 232 232EP Epimetheus 2016-Feb-15 00:25 046 116064 in 4.5 26 232 232EN Enceladus 2016-Feb-15 05:01 046 83963 out 8.0 74 232* 232TI Titan 2016-Feb-16 23:52 047 1018 out 5.9 122 233 233TI Titan 2016-Mar-08 08:01 068 425864 in 6.1 76 234* 234TI Titan 2016-Apr-04 19:48 095 990 out 5.9 138 235* 235TI Titan 2016-May-06 17:01 127 971 out 5.9 138 236* 236TI Titan 2016-Jun-07 14:13 159 975 out 5.9 124 238* 238TI Titan 2016-Jul-25 10:05 207 976 out 5.9 101 239* 239TI Titan 2016-Aug-10 08:37 223 1599 out 5.8 92 240 240TI Titan 2016-Aug-19 06:48 232 826352 in 8.5 110 241 241TI Titan 2016-Aug-30 14:13 243 985745 in 8.0 91 243 243PO Polydeuces 2016-Sep-24 03:54 268 110173 in 9.4 40 243* 243TI Titan 2016-Sep-27 04:23 271 1737 out 5.8 88 244 244TI Titan 2016-Oct-03 17:31 277 876965 in 10.4 144 244 244HE Helene 2016-Oct-03 21:56 277 106585 in 12.5 128 246 246TL Telesto 2016-Oct-23 01:32 297 58953 in 12.1 71 247 247TI Titan 2016-Oct-29 08:56 303 860390 in 5.6 41 247 247TL Telesto 2016-Nov-01 13:35 306 103954 in 11.7 22 247 247PO Polydeuces 2016-Nov-01 13:38 306 106910 in 11.3 71 248 248TE Tethys 2016-Nov-11 05:17 316 102437 in 12.8 101 248* 248TI Titan 2016-Nov-14 00:02 319 1582 out 5.8 80 249 249MI Mimas 2016-Nov-19 07:36 324 47083 in 15.7 18 249 249DA Daphnis 2016-Nov-19 08:16 324 86064 in 17.5 56 249 249ME Methone 2016-Nov-19 08:24 324 72583 in 17.2 103 249 249PA Pandora 2016-Nov-19 08:41 324 93397 in 17.8 77 250 250EP Epimetheus 2016-Nov-27 06:32 332 85981 in 16.7 10 250 250EN Enceladus 2016-Nov-27 06:55 332 21867 in 15.6 103 250* 250TI Titan 2016-Nov-29 22:20 334 3223 out 5.7 82 251 251ME Methone 2016-Dec-04 13:10 339 50425 in 19.4 111 251 251PN Pan 2016-Dec-04 13:39 339 56679 out 21.6 103 252 252PM Prometheus 2016-Dec-11 16:55 346 101437 in 21.5 43 252 252PL Pallene 2016-Dec-11 17:31 346 94810 in 20.3 132 253 253TI Titan 2016-Dec-15 21:53 350 343232 in 5.3 58 253 253AE Aegaeon 2016-Dec-18 21:15 353 98163 in 20.7 60 253 253PA Pandora 2016-Dec-18 21:39 353 13836 in 20.4 81 253 253JA Janus 2016-Dec-18 22:09 353 110219 out 23.5 109 253 253PN Pan 2016-Dec-18 22:13 353 93271 out 23.2 107 254 254EN Enceladus 2016-Dec-26 01:32 361 88319 in 19.2 135 254 254MI Mimas 2016-Dec-26 01:35 361 40731 in 19.4 114 254 254AE Aegaeon 2016-Dec-26 01:41 361 32449 in 20.2 138 255 255TI Titan 2016-Dec-31 12:17 366 681816 in 7.2 29 255 255DA Daphnis 2017-Jan-02 06:10 002 98942 out 23.5 107 256 256AT Atlas 2017-Jan-09 08:48 009 100905 in 21.7 44 256 256EP Epimetheus 2017-Jan-09 09:06 009 70839 in 20.6 55 256 256DA Daphnis 2017-Jan-09 09:47 009 55916 out 21.6 104 256 256PM Prometheus 2017-Jan-09 10:01 009 95484 out 23.2 107 257 257JA Janus 2017-Jan-16 12:42 016 117217 in 21.9 50 257 257AT Atlas 2017-Jan-16 13:10 016 24593 in 20.3 28 257 257PL Pallene 2017-Jan-16 13:14 016 62875 in 19.6 149 257 257DA Daphnis 2017-Jan-16 13:22 016 17820 in 20.6 69 257 257TI Titan 2017-Jan-17 18:30 017 724244 out 9.3 96 258 258DA Daphnis 2017-Jan-23 16:58 023 38571 in 20.4 36 258 258EN Enceladus 2017-Jan-23 17:01 023 124343 in 20.2 129 258 258PA Pandora 2017-Jan-23 17:17 023 19407 in 20.5 92 258 258AT Atlas 2017-Jan-23 17:33 023 60001 out 21.7 105 259 259DA Daphnis 2017-Jan-30 20:36 030 85568 in 21.2 44 259 259EP Epimetheus 2017-Jan-30 21:06 030 5877 in 20.1 76 259 259MI Mimas 2017-Jan-30 21:06 030 40418 in 19.7 112 259 259PM Prometheus 2017-Jan-30 21:27 030 52544 in 21.5 104 259 259TI Titan 2017-Feb-01 20:04 032 220955 out 6.3 91 260 260PN Pan 2017-Feb-07 00:52 038 95535 in 21.4 43 260 260JA Janus 2017-Feb-07 01:02 038 90931 in 21.0 53 260 260ME Methone 2017-Feb-07 01:33 038 84452 in 20.7 125 261 261AE Aegaeon 2017-Feb-14 05:45 045 74838 in 20.1 68 261 261ME Methone 2017-Feb-14 05:54 045 69218 in 19.5 95 261 261TI Titan 2017-Feb-17 13:17 048 186447 out 5.1 77 262 262PN Pan 2017-Feb-21 09:39 052 73613 in 21.0 43 262 262PM Prometheus 2017-Feb-21 09:43 052 67958 in 20.8 47 262 262EP Epimetheus 2017-Feb-21 10:04 052 10518 in 20.1 75 262 262PL Pallene 2017-Feb-21 10:04 052 106052 in 19.8 91 262 262AE Aegaeon 2017-Feb-21 10:15 052 51312 in 20.7 124 263 263JA Janus 2017-Feb-28 13:47 059 92493 in 21.1 56 263 263PA Pandora 2017-Feb-28 13:55 059 57250 in 20.5 49 264 264TI Titan 2017-Mar-05 11:53 064 492397 in 5.9 42 264 264MI Mimas 2017-Mar-07 18:02 066 101853 in 20.7 74 264 264PN Pan 2017-Mar-07 18:07 066 24916 in 20.4 26 265 265EP Epimetheus 2017-Mar-14 22:17 073 382999 in 21.0 113 265 265PA Pandora 2017-Mar-14 22:46 073 110557 out 24.0 104 266 266TI Titan 2017-Mar-20 17:40 079 874284 in 8.7 32 266 266JA Janus 2017-Mar-22 01:47 081 43803 in 20.2 65 266 266PL Pallene 2017-Mar-22 01:56 081 106877 in 20.7 122 266 266PN Pan 2017-Mar-22 02:20 081 55102 out 21.8 99 266 266TI Titan 2017-Mar-23 00:23 082 954986 out 11.3 97 267 267EN Enceladus 2017-Mar-29 05:46 088 93102 in 19.3 134 267 267MI Mimas 2017-Mar-29 06:07 088 121293 in 22.8 108 268 268AT Atlas 2017-Apr-05 09:18 095 66084 in 20.8 49 268 268PA Pandora 2017-Apr-05 09:28 095 39697 in 20.4 50 268 268EP Epimetheus 2017-Apr-05 10:12 095 110950 out 23.8 103 268 268TI Titan 2017-Apr-06 22:18 096 477716 out 7.7 89 269 269MI Mimas 2017-Apr-12 13:27 102 97786 in 20.8 76 269 269AE Aegaeon 2017-Apr-12 13:37 102 20668 in 19.9 120 269 269JA Janus 2017-Apr-12 13:42 102 8933 in 20.2 126 269 269AT Atlas 2017-Apr-12 13:44 102 14815 in 20.5 65 269 269PM Prometheus 2017-Apr-12 14:11 102 88114 out 22.9 103 270 270ME Methone 2017-Apr-19 17:47 109 89276 in 20.9 120 270 270AE Aegaeon 2017-Apr-19 18:05 109 111234 in 22.8 105 270 270AT Atlas 2017-Apr-19 18:13 109 77207 out 22.5 102 270 270PA Pandora 2017-Apr-19 18:24 109 117287 out 24.3 101 270 270DA Daphnis 2017-Apr-19 18:28 109 117700 out 24.5 101 270* 270TI Titan 2017-Apr-22 06:20 112 979 out 5.8 61 271 271JA Janus 2017-Apr-26 09:32 116 99470 in 29.6 129 271 271AT Atlas 2017-Apr-26 09:39 116 73644 in 29.8 149 271 271DA Daphnis 2017-Apr-26 09:46 116 83075 out 29.8 119 271 271EP Epimetheus 2017-Apr-26 09:50 116 103995 out 29.5 110 272 272DA Daphnis 2017-May-02 20:38 122 77485 in 29.9 140 272 272PM Prometheus 2017-May-02 20:43 122 75494 in 29.8 148 273 273TI Titan 2017-May-07 21:25 127 487551 in 7.1 30 273 273DA Daphnis 2017-May-09 07:22 129 119562 in 30.1 84 273 273PN Pan 2017-May-09 07:24 129 114499 in 30.5 87 273 273PA Pandora 2017-May-09 07:42 129 79273 in 29.9 144 273 273TI Titan 2017-May-09 22:18 129 979221 out 12.6 90 274 274EP Epimetheus 2017-May-15 18:30 135 86883 in 29.8 149 274 274PN Pan 2017-May-15 18:36 135 75453 in 29.9 131 274 274PM Prometheus 2017-May-15 18:38 135 85745 out 29.9 123 274 274AE Aegaeon 2017-May-15 18:45 135 123058 out 29.2 111 274 274AT Atlas 2017-May-15 18:56 135 121012 out 27.9 81 275 275AT Atlas 2017-May-22 05:17 142 88100 in 30.1 122 275 275AE Aegaeon 2017-May-22 05:35 142 119663 out 29.4 117 275 275JA Janus 2017-May-22 05:35 142 106711 out 29.5 112 275 275TI Titan 2017-May-24 01:09 144 138512 out 6.1 69 276 276PA Pandora 2017-May-28 16:41 148 103969 in 29.7 103 276 276MI Mimas 2017-May-28 16:58 148 123275 in 29.8 137 276 276AE Aegaeon 2017-May-28 17:07 148 124793 out 28.7 110 276 276PM Prometheus 2017-May-28 17:15 148 118175 out 28.1 87 277 277PN Pan 2017-Jun-04 04:09 155 118301 in 30.4 79 277 277EP Epimetheus 2017-Jun-04 04:18 155 96637 in 29.3 127 278 278TI Titan 2017-Jun-08 19:58 159 348616 in 6.0 40 278 278PN Pan 2017-Jun-10 16:01 161 83807 out 29.7 120 278 278JA Janus 2017-Jun-10 16:04 161 104320 out 29.4 117 279 279PM Prometheus 2017-Jun-17 03:02 168 100142 in 30.0 102 279 279AT Atlas 2017-Jun-17 03:12 168 73821 in 29.7 148 279 279DA Daphnis 2017-Jun-17 03:35 168 116024 out 28.4 89 280 280EP Epimetheus 2017-Jun-23 14:20 174 109997 in 29.2 106 280 280DA Daphnis 2017-Jun-23 14:38 174 81885 out 29.7 130 280 280PA Pandora 2017-Jun-23 14:41 174 94773 out 29.6 119 280 280TI Titan 2017-Jun-25 00:29 176 337881 out 7.2 68 281 281PN Pan 2017-Jun-30 01:52 181 98636 in 30.2 95 281 281DA Daphnis 2017-Jun-30 02:01 181 72657 in 29.6 146 281 281PM Prometheus 2017-Jun-30 02:03 181 74629 in 29.6 151 281 281JA Janus 2017-Jun-30 02:10 181 96030 out 29.5 131 282 282DA Daphnis 2017-Jul-06 13:29 187 92463 in 29.9 106 282 282PN Pan 2017-Jul-06 13:53 187 104006 out 29.2 100 283 283TI Titan 2017-Jul-10 14:24 191 247919 in 5.3 62 283 283EP Epimetheus 2017-Jul-13 00:49 194 114890 in 29.1 97 283 283PA Pandora 2017-Jul-13 01:06 194 79769 in 29.8 148 283 283AT Atlas 2017-Jul-13 01:08 194 80935 in 29.8 139 283 283PM Prometheus 2017-Jul-13 01:22 194 112599 out 28.7 100 284 284AT Atlas 2017-Jul-19 12:06 200 120763 in 30.0 72 284 284JA Janus 2017-Jul-19 12:30 200 93689 in 29.8 140 285 285TI Titan 2017-Jul-25 03:33 206 907925 in 10.3 56 285 285PN Pan 2017-Jul-25 23:37 206 80389 in 30.0 118 285 285TI Titan 2017-Jul-27 02:27 208 548571 out 8.6 68 286 286PM Prometheus 2017-Aug-01 10:50 213 112866 in 29.9 80 286 286PA Pandora 2017-Aug-01 11:00 213 85046 in 29.8 123 286 286PN Pan 2017-Aug-01 11:32 213 118233 out 27.6 92 287 287JA Janus 2017-Aug-07 22:35 219 89712 in 29.8 151 287 287AT Atlas 2017-Aug-07 22:42 219 94471 out 29.6 122 287 287EP Epimetheus 2017-Aug-07 22:51 219 120045 out 28.5 111 288 288TI Titan 2017-Aug-11 04:55 223 175234 in 5.0 82 288 288AT Atlas 2017-Aug-14 09:28 226 107302 in 30.1 83 288 288PM Prometheus 2017-Aug-14 09:39 226 79503 in 30.1 135 289 289PA Pandora 2017-Aug-20 20:36 232 120976 in 29.5 71 289 289PN Pan 2017-Aug-20 20:51 232 76080 in 30.2 126 289 289DA Daphnis 2017-Aug-20 21:17 232 115479 out 28.1 102 290 290TI Titan 2017-Aug-26 06:27 238 736333 in 8.8 54 290 290JA Janus 2017-Aug-27 08:01 239 90943 in 30.1 139 290 290DA Daphnis 2017-Aug-27 08:09 239 80787 in 30.1 146 290 290PM Prometheus 2017-Aug-27 08:09 239 85411 in 30.0 143 290 290EP Epimetheus 2017-Aug-27 08:11 239 99574 out 30.1 142 290 290PA Pandora 2017-Aug-27 08:15 239 100828 out 29.7 124 290 290PN Pan 2017-Aug-27 08:33 239 119452 out 26.9 96 290 290TI Titan 2017-Aug-28 05:12 240 743678 out 10.2 67 291 291DA Daphnis 2017-Sep-02 19:07 245 80228 in 30.2 121 291 291AT Atlas 2017-Sep-02 19:22 245 92706 out 29.9 130 292 292DA Daphnis 2017-Sep-09 06:06 252 115965 in 30.2 67 292 292AT Atlas 2017-Sep-09 06:09 252 109677 in 30.2 75 292 292PM Prometheus 2017-Sep-09 06:44 252 115249 out 28.3 109 292 292TI Titan 2017-Sep-11 19:14 254 84158 out 5.2 80 293 293JA Janus 2017-Sep-15 16:51 258 111432 in 29.8 93 293 293PN Pan 2017-Sep-15 16:55 258 91239 in 30.7 96 293 293PA Pandora 2017-Sep-15 16:59 258 86012 in 30.6 126 293 293EP Epimetheus 2017-Sep-15 17:00 258 92262 in 30.7 134 293 2017-Sep-15 17:03 258 Atmospheric entry into Saturn ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The Cassini navigation team has discovered that it is possible to move the spacecraft orbit's inner ring-plane crossing all the way over Saturn's entire main ring system, from just beyond the F ring, to the cleared gap between Saturn's upper atmosphere and inner portion of the main rings, using one single Titan flyby. So far, it has been impossible to get very close to Saturn itself due to the presence of the main rings out to over 140,000 km from the center of Saturn. During SOI the spacecraft passed 18,000 km from the cloud tops, and that is the closest the project ever expected to get to the planet and rings, enabled by the hyperbolic approach trajectory. It was thought that there was no feasible way to construct an orbit with reasonable period that gets any closer to Saturn and yet does not pass through the main rings - the implementation of which would undoubtedly destroy the spacecraft. No safe gaps in the main ring system exist that could be employed as intermediate steps. This proximal orbit geometry is implemented by raising the orbit inclination to a moderately high level (~63 degrees) and placing the inner ring-plane crossing barely but safely outside the main rings. The other ring-plane crossing is located at Titan, as usual, since Cassini must continually encounter Titan to employ its significant gravity assist resources. Then, with one flyby, the orbit is altered to move the ring-plane crossing to between 2,000 to 5,000 above the 'cloud tops' of Saturn (1 bar level). The environment is known well enough for the project to conclude with sufficient confidence that the risk of debris impact or atmospheric tumbling is acceptably small. Furthermore, the radiation environment is not significantly different from that experienced during SOI. The proposed end phase includes 22 orbits in this region, called proximal orbits. This Juno-like mission phase offers significant unique science opportunities for Cassini, including gravity mapping measurements, high resolution ring observations, and in-situ measurements of Saturn's atmosphere. Final disposal of the spacecraft will take place within Saturn's atmosphere on 15 September 2017. This entire trajectory, starting after the last targeted proximal-injecting Titan flyby, is entirely ballistic, requiring no further maneuvers. In other words, the end of mission is assured regardless of the spacecraft condition. It is anticipated that this disposal strategy will be acceptable for Planetary Protection. END OF MISSION --------------" MISSION_OBJECTIVES_SUMMARY = " CASSINI-HUYGENS MISSION OBJECTIVES ================================== The Cassini-Huygens mission will accomplish a variety of scientific objectives en route to and at Saturn [JPLD-5564]. While en route to Saturn, Cassini performed three sets of Gravitational Wave Experiments (GWEs), each scheduled near opposition and each lasting approximately 40 days. During these observations, Cassini acted as a point mass which would be perturbed by propagating gravitational waves resulting from sudden destruction (or creation) of large masses in the general direction of the spacecraft-to-Earth line. While en route to Saturn, Cassini was also used in two Solar Conjunction Experiments (SCEs), each lasting approximately 30 days. The objectives of these observations was to test general relativity and to improve our understanding of the solar corona. The general scientific objectives of the Cassini mission at Saturn were to investigate the physical, chemical, and temporal characteristics of Titan and of Saturn, its atmosphere, rings, icy satellites, and magnetosphere. These are listed more specifically below: Saturn (Planet) Objectives. -------------------------- a) Determine temperature field, cloud properties, and composition of the atmosphere of Saturn. b) Measure the global wind field, including wave and eddy components; observe synoptic cloud features and processes. c) Infer the internal structure and rotation of the deep atmosphere. d) Study the diurnal variations and magnetic control of the ionosphere of Saturn. e) Provide observational constraints (gas composition, isotope ratios, heat flux, etc.) on scenarios for the formation and the evolution of Saturn. f) Investigate the sources and the morphology of Saturn lightning, Saturn Electrostatic Discharges (SED), and whistlers. Titan Objectives. ---------------- a) Determine abundance of atmospheric constituents (including any noble gases), establish isotope ratios for abundant elements, constrain scenarios of formation and evolution of Titan and its atmosphere. b) Observe vertical and horizontal distributions of trace gases, search for more complex organic molecules, investigate energy sources for atmospheric chemistry, and model the photochemistry of the stratosphere, study formation and composition of aerosols. c) Measure winds and global temperatures; investigate cloud physics, general circulation, and seasonal effects in Titan's atmosphere; search for lightning discharges. d) Determine the physical state, topography, and composition of the surface; infer the internal structure of the satellite. e) Investigate the upper atmosphere, its ionization, and its role as a source of neutral and ionized material for magnetosphere of Saturn. Ring Objectives. --------------- a) Study configuration of the rings and dynamical processes (gravitational, viscous, erosional, and electromagnetic) responsible for ring structure. b) Map composition and size distribution of ring material. c) Investigate interrelation of rings and satellites, including embedded satellites. d) Determine dust and meteoroid distribution in the vicinity of the rings. e) Study interactions between the rings and Saturn's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere. Icy Satellite Objectives. ------------------------ a) Determine the general characteristics and geological histories of the satellites. b) Define the mechanisms of crustal and surface modifications, both external and internal. c) Investigate the compositions and distributions of surface materials, particularly dark, organic rich materials and low melting point condensed volatiles. d) Constrain models of the satellites' bulk compositions and internal structures. e) Investigate interactions with the magnetosphere and ring systems and possible gas injections into the magnetosphere. Magnetosphere Objectives ------------------------ a) Determine the configuration of the nearly axially symmetric magnetic field and its relation to the modulation of Saturn Kilometric Radiation (SKR). b) Determine current systems, composition, sources, and sinks of magnetosphere charged particles. c) Investigate wave-particle interactions and dynamics of the dayside magnetosphere and the magnetotail of Saturn and their interactions with the solar wind, the satellites, and the rings. d) Study the effect of Titan's interaction with the solar wind and magnetospheric plasma. e) Investigate interactions of Titan's atmosphere and exosphere with the surrounding plasma. " END_OBJECT = MISSION_INFORMATION OBJECT = MISSION_HOST INSTRUMENT_HOST_ID = "CO" OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "SATURN" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "TITAN" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "MASURSKY" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "FOMALHAUT" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "SPICA" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "EARTH" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "VENUS" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "STAR" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "MOON" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "JUPITER" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "CALLISTO" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "EUROPA" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "GANYMEDE" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "IO" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "S RINGS" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "ATLAS" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "CALYPSO" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "DIONE" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "ENCELADUS" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "EPIMETHEUS" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "HELENE" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "HYPERION" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "IAPETUS" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "JANUS" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "MIMAS" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "PAN" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "PANDORA" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "PHOEBE" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "PROMETHEUS" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "RHEA" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "TELESTO" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "TETHYS" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "SUN" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "IO PLASMA TORUS" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "SOLAR WIND" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "SOLAR_SYSTEM" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "DUST" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET END_OBJECT = MISSION_HOST OBJECT = MISSION_HOST INSTRUMENT_HOST_ID = "HP" OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "TITAN" END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET END_OBJECT = MISSION_HOST OBJECT = MISSION_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "JPLD-5564" END_OBJECT = MISSION_REFERENCE_INFORMATION END_OBJECT = MISSION END